Machitidwe opangira mapangidwe akhala mbali yofunika kwambiri ya ntchito yathu ya tsiku ndi tsiku, kotero kuti kukula bwino ndi kusasitsa kwa dongosolo la mapangidwe kungapange kapena kuswa chinthu kapena polojekiti. Zizindikiro zazikulu, zigawo ndi bungwe sizokwanira - nthawi zambiri chikhalidwe ndi chisamaliro chomwe chimapanga dongosolo lokhazikika, lovomerezeka kwambiri. Zingakhale zovuta kudziŵa kumene tingawononge nthaŵi ndi chisamaliro chathu. Kodi timapanga bwanji ndi kukonza mapulani omwe amathandizira magulu athu, kupititsa patsogolo ntchito yathu, ndikukula limodzi nafe?
Kaduka: Chikhalidwe cha Kapangidwe kachitidwe Chikhalidwe ndi chinthu choseketsa. Tonsefe timakhala ndi chidziwitso chokhudza kufunikira kwake - osachepera tikudziwa kuti tikufuna kugwira ntchito mu chikhalidwe chabwino ndikupewa zomwe zili poizoni. Koma chikhalidwe ndi chovuta kuchifotokoza, ndipo kuchisintha kumamveka ngati matsenga kuposa zenizeni. Chikhalidwe cha kampani imodzi chikhoza kukhala cholimbikitsa kwa ena ndi chotopetsa kwa ena, malo okulirapo kwa ena ndikupunthwitsa ena. Kuwonjezera pa nuance, sikuti kampani yanu ili ndi chikhalidwe chonse, koma ili ndi subcultures zambiri. Ndi chifukwa chikhalidwe sichimapangidwa ndi munthu aliyense. Chikhalidwe ndi chinthu chomwe chimachitika pamene gulu limodzi la anthu lisonkhana pamodzi mobwerezabwereza pakapita nthawi. Chifukwa chake, pamene kampani ikukula, ndikuwonjezera maulamuliro ndi kapangidwe kake, maguluwo amapanga mozungulira zolinga, zinthu, mawonekedwe, machitidwe, ndi zina zotero, onse amapanga ma subcultures awo. Mwinamwake muli ndi kamangidwe ka subculture. Mwinamwake muli ndi subculture umwini wazinthu. Mwinanso mumakhala ndi chikhalidwe chaching'ono chozungulira anthu omwe amabwera pa Zoom Lachiwiri lililonse pankhomaliro kuti mulumikizane ndikucheza. Pali mazana kapena kupitilira apo m'mabungwe akulu akulu. Ndizovuta, zowonongeka, komanso zofunika kwambiri. Munthu akamavutika ndi momwe amawayang'anira, chikhalidwe chimodzi chimamuthandiza kuti apereke ndemanga zenizeni kwa abwana awo, pomwe china chimawatsogolera kufunafuna ntchito yatsopano. Kampani ikapereka nkhomaliro yaulere Lachisanu, chikhalidwe chimodzi chimapanga kuthokoza chifukwa cha izi; wina amakupangitsani kumva ngati nkhomaliro iyi yaulere imabwera ndi chiyembekezo kuti simungathe kusiya ntchito. Chikhalidwe chimodzi chimaika patsogolo zotsatira zandalama kusiyana ndi kuyanjana mwaulemu. Chikhalidwe china chimalimbikitsa mpikisano pakati pa magulu, pamene china chimatsindika mgwirizano ndi ogwira nawo ntchito. Chifukwa Chikhalidwe? Kumayambiriro kwa 2021, kampani yanga idafunsidwa kuti ithandizire bungwe lalikulu kukonza, kupanga, ndikupanga dongosolo lopangira limodzi ndi chinthu chocheperako chomwe chingatheke pamalingaliro atsopano. Uwu ndi mtundu wa ntchito yomwe timakonda kwambiri, kotero gululo lidakondwera kudumphiramo. Monga mlembi wa bukhu lonena za kamangidwe kake, sindikufuna china choposa kukuuzani momwe chinkhoswechi chinayendera modabwitsa. M’malo mwake, kunali kulimbana kwakukulu. Ngakhale kuti iyi inali ntchito yabwino kwa gulu langa ndi ine papepala, tinayenera kupanga chisankho chovuta kuchoka kwa kasitomala wathu kumapeto kwa chaka chimenecho. Osati chifukwa sitingathe kugwira ntchito. Osati chifukwa cha zovuta zaukadaulo kapena zovuta za bajeti. Chifukwa chomwe tidapereka chinali "kusagwirizana kwachikhalidwe." Pafupifupi zaka makumi awiri ndikuyendetsa mabizinesi anga, izi zinali zisanachitike kwa ine. Kupatula apo, makasitomala athu samabwera kwa ife chifukwa ali ndi chilichonse - amabwera chifukwa akudziwa kuti akufunika thandizo. Ngati sitinathe kuwatsogolera munyengo yovuta, chifukwa chiyani tidakhalapo!? Mosafunikira kunena, sizinakhale bwino ndi ine. Kotero, nditatha kutsatira ulusi wopanda pake wa mantha omwe sitinathe kuudula, ndinakhala chaka chotsatira ndikudumphira pansi pa dzenje la kalulu la kafukufuku wa chikhalidwe cha bungwe. Gawo lotsatirali ndi chidule cha zomwe ndaphunzira m'chaka chimenecho komanso momwe ndakhala ndikuzigwiritsira ntchito kuyambira pamenepo. Kuti tiyambe, tiyeni tipeze kumvetsetsa komwe chikhalidwe ndi chikhalidwe. Kodi Chikhalidwe N'chiyani? Kwa zaka makumi angapo zapitazi, zanenedwa zambiri zokhudza chikhalidwe cha kuntchito. Kuchokera pakumvetsetsa chifukwa chake zili zofunika komanso momwe zimakhudzira njira zomwe timatsogolera, mpaka kupereka njira zosinthira. Ndapeza phindu lalikulu pakufufuza ndi zolemba za Edgar Schein, katswiri wazamalonda komanso wazamisala. Schein amapereka chitsanzo chosavuta kuti afotokoze chikhalidwe, ndikuchigawa m'magulu atatu:
Zinthu zakale Zojambulajambula ndizopamwamba kwambiri zachitsanzo cha Schein. Izi ndi zomwe anthu amaganiza mukamanena "chikhalidwe" - zinthu zomwe kampani imapereka. Nthaŵi ina ndinagwira ntchito kumalo kumene tinkakhoza kulipira ndalama zobweretsera ndalama zogulira timu. Ntchito ina yomwe ndinali nditapereka tebulo la foosball. Kampani ina inatilimbikitsa kuti tiziphikira limodzi chakudya chamasana mlungu uliwonse. Zinthu zamtundu uwu, pamodzi ndiswag yamakampani, tchanelo ku Slack komwe mumadzitamandira za anzanu, ndipo kubwereranso kwa kampani ndi "zojambula" za chikhalidwe cha kampani yanu. Mfundo Zotsatiridwa Ndi Zikhulupiriro Gawo lotsatira pansi limatchedwa "zikhulupiliro ndi zikhulupiliro zomwe zimagwirizana." Izi ndi zomwe anthu achikhalidwe amati amakhulupirira. Ndilo mndandanda wa zikhalidwe, mawu a mishoni, masomphenya. Ndizo zomwe zili patsamba lawebusayiti ndipo zimayikidwa pamakoma. Ndi zinthu zomwe mukuyembekeza kupeza mukavomera ntchito chifukwa ndi momwe anthu adayankhira mafunso anu onse panthawi yofunsa mafunso. Malingaliro Oyambira Oyambira Zozama kwambiri zimatchedwa "basic underlying assumptions." Izi ndi zomwe anthu m'gululi amakhulupirira. Ndi momwe utsogoleri ndi antchito amachitira, makamaka poyang'anizana ndi chisankho chovuta. Chigawo ichi ndi muzu wa chikhalidwe chanu. Ndipo ziribe kanthu zomwe mumasonyeza (zojambula), ziribe kanthu zomwe munganene (zikhulupiliro zotsimikiziridwa), zinthu zomwe mumakhulupirira (zongoganizira zapansi) zidzatuluka pamapeto pake. Zimayambira Pansi Monga wantchito, mudzakumana ndi zinthu izi kuyambira pamwamba mpaka pansi. Patsiku lanu loyamba, mumawona zomwe zikuchitika pafupi nanu - mumawona zachikhalidwe. Pamapeto pake, mumadziwa anthu ochepa. Mukakhala ndi zokambirana zambiri ndi iwo, mudzayamba kumva momwe amalankhulira za chikhalidwe - zikhulupiriro zawo. Nthawi zina, anthu achikhalidwe chanu amakumana ndi zovuta zina. Apa ndi pamene mphira umakumana ndi msewu ndipo mudzaphunzira zomwe anthuwo amaganiza. Mabungwe opanda thanzi alibe njira yowonera ndikuyamikira malingaliro omwe ali pansi. Mabungwe athanzi amadziwa kuti chikhalidwe chimayamba ndi malingaliro oyambira amunthu aliyense pakampani. Mabungwe opanda thanzi amayesa kupanga chikhalidwe ndi zokometsera ndi mawu a ntchito. Mabungwe athanzi amalola kuti zigawo ziwiri zapamwamba ziwonekere mwachibadwa kuchokera pansi. Pamene malingaliro oyambira sakugwirizana ndi zikhulupiriro zotsatiridwa ndi zinthu zakale, kusagwirizana kumakhala kolimba. Nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta kufotokoza vutoli, koma anthu amazimva. Iyi ndi kampani yomwe ili ndi phindu lalikulu la "banja loyamba" lomwe limafuna kuti muziyenda nthawi zonse osazindikira zotsatira zake pabanja lanu lenileni. Chikhulupiriro chokhazikika choika patsogolo banja sichichirikizidwa ndi zisankho zomwe zikupangidwa. Mphamvu Ndi Zofooka Tonsefe timadziwa zinthu izi mosazindikira, ndipo izi zimawonekera m'chilankhulo chomwe timagwiritsa ntchito tikamalankhula za chikhalidwe cha bungwe. Timakonda kugwiritsa ntchito mawu oti "olimba" ndi "ofooka" pofotokoza chikhalidwe. Mutha kunena kuti, "kampaniyi ili ndi chikhalidwe champhamvu." Mawu awa ndi chisonyezero chakuti zigawozo zimagwirizana, ndipo izi zikutanthauza kuti chikhalidwe chokha chimakhala ngati njira yoyendetsera zisankho. Ngati tonse tili ndi makhalidwe ofanana, tikhoza kukhulupirirana kuti tikhoza kupanga zosankha zogwirizana ndi mfundozo. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, bungwe lokhala ndi chikhalidwe chofooka limasowa mgwirizano pakati pa zomwe akunena ndi zisankho zomwe amapanga. Zikhalidwe izi nthawi zambiri zimawonjezera ndondomeko ndi ndondomeko kuti zitsimikizire khalidwe la anthu. Muzochitika izi, chikhalidwecho ndi chofooka chifukwa sichimapereka chitsogozo cha chikhalidwe champhamvu - kusokoneza kumatanthauza kuti zomwe timasankha kuchita zimasiyana ndi zomwe timanena. Izi sizikutanthauza kuti ndondomeko ndi ndondomeko ndi zoipa. Pamene makampani akukula, pakufunika kulemba zomwe anthu akuyembekezera. Kukhazikika kwa chikhalidwe champhamvu kumatanthauza kuti zolemba izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zokhazikika za zomwe zakhala zikuchitika, pomwe chikhalidwe chofooka chimakhudzidwa ndi zinthu zoipa ndikuyembekeza kuti zoipa zisadzachitikenso. Chidziwitso cha Mkonzi Kodi mumakonda zomwe mwawerenga mpaka pano? Ichi ndi gawo chabe la bukhu lomwe likubwera la Ben, Maturing Design Systems, momwe amawunikira mawonekedwe a kamangidwe kake, akufotokoza momwe chikhalidwe chimapangidwira zotsatira, ndikugawana chitsogozo chothandiza pazovuta zilizonse - kuyambira pakumanga v1 ndikukula kukhazikitsidwa kwaumoyo mpaka kuyenda "zaka zaunyamata" ndipo pamapeto pake kumayendetsa dongosolo lokhazikika, lodziwika bwino. Zamkatimu
ContextChiyambi cha machitidwe a mapangidwe, kumvetsetsa komwe amakhala m'bungwe lanu, zomwe zimawadyetsa, komanso ngati muyenera kumanga. Design System CultureA kulowa mozama mu chikhalidwe ndi chiyani, chifukwa chake kuli kofunika kuti magulu apangidwe amvetsetse, ndimomwe zimatsegulira mwayi wopereka mtengo weniweni. Anatomy of a Design SystemKufufuza kwa zigawo ndi zigawo zomwe zimapanga dongosolo lokonzekera kutengera kuwunika kwa mazana a machitidwe opangira pazaka zambiri. MaturityAn over view of the design system maturity model including the fours stages of kukhwima, nkhani zoyambira, chimango cha kukhwima munjira yathanzi, ndi chimango chopanga kukhazikika kwa dongosolo la mapangidwe. Gawo 1, Kumanga Version OneA imadziwira zomwe zikutanthawuza kukhala mu gawo 1 la kukhwima kwa dongosolo la kamangidwe ndi zitsanzo zochepa zamaganizidwe kuti zikusungeni inu kuyang'ana pa zinthu zoyenera pachiyambi. Gawo 2, Kukula kwa AdoptionUnpacking gawo 2 la mtundu wa kukhwima kwa kamangidwe kachitidwe ndikulowera mwakuya pakutengera: kukulitsa malingaliro anu pakulera, njira yolerera, komanso momwe mungapangire kulera kokhazikika. Gawo 3, Kupulumuka Zaka ZachinyamataKumvetsetsa zofunikira pa gawo 3 lachitsanzo cha kukhwima kwa kamangidwe kachitidwe ndi momwe mungathetsere zovuta zomwe zimabwera ndi msinkhu uwu wa kukhwima. Gawo 4, Kupanga Pulogalamu YathanziKufufuza zomwe zimatanthauza kukhala mu gawo 4 lachitsanzo cha kukhwima kwadongosolo, mutakhala mtsogoleri wamphamvu pamaso pa gulu lanu lonse.
Za Wolemba
Ben Callahan ndi mlembi, wofufuza dongosolo, mphunzitsi, komanso wokamba nkhani. Anayambitsa Redwoods, gulu la kamangidwe kamangidwe, ndi Funso, msonkhano wamlungu uliwonse wophunzirira mgwirizano. Monga bwenzi loyambitsa ku Sparkbox, amathandiza mabungwe kuyika chikhalidwe cha anthu m'mapangidwe awo. Ntchito yake imagwirizanitsa anthu ndi machitidwe, ndikugogomezera kukula kosalekeza, kugwirizanitsa magulu, komanso kukhudzidwa kwaukadaulo. Amakhulupirira kuti kuyanjana kulikonse ndi mwayi wophunzira.
Umboni wa Reviewers "Buku ili ndi ndondomeko yomveka bwino komanso yachidziwitso cha machitidwe okhwima okhwima pamlingo. Kwa magulu othandizidwa bwino, limapereka njira ndi zomveka zokhazikika mu zitsanzo zenizeni. Kwa magulu ang'onoang'ono ngati anga, imakhala ngati Nyenyezi ya Kumpoto yomwe imakuthandizani kulimbikitsa ntchitoyo ndikupeza mayankho omwe akugwirizana ndi kukhwima kwa gulu lanu. Ndimalimbikitsa kwambiri kwa aliyense amene amamanga dongosolo lokonzekera." - Lenora Porter
"Ben amalumikizana pakati pa ndondomeko, mgwirizano, ndi chidziwitso m'njira zomwe zimamveka kuti ndizomveka komanso zowululira." Mabuku ambiri opangira mapangidwe amakhala momasuka mwaukadaulo komanso mwaukadaulo, koma izi zimapitilira momwe zimakhalira komanso chifukwa chake - kupempha owerenga kuti aganizire za maudindo awo osati monga eni ake, opanga kapena mainjiniya, koma monga oyang'anira kumvetsetsa komwe kugawana m'mabungwe ovuta, m'malo mwake limalimbikitsa mayankho abukhuli. kudzifunsa nokha ndi kugwirizanitsa, kupempha owerenga kuti aganizire momwe angabweretsere zolinga, chifundo, ndi kulimba mtima mu machitidwe omwe amakhudza." Tarunya Varma, Product Design Manager, Tide
"Ben Callahan's "Maturing Design Systems" imayika chilankhulo ku zovuta zomwe ambiri a ife timamva koma sitingathe kufotokozera. Imatsegula chikoka chobisika cha chikhalidwe, kukhazikitsidwa, ndi utsogoleri, kukupatsirani kumveka bwino, zida, ndi machitidwe kuti mukonze bwino ndi kupititsa patsogolo dongosolo lanu, kaya mukuyenda poyambitsa kukula kapena bizinesi yowonjezereka, Wiss Grithod, Ness Grithod, Les Grithod, Les Grithos, Les Grithos, Nes Author Upangiri Wothandiza pa Zopangira Zopangira Mapangidwe"
Musaphonye! Kupyolera muzaka zoyankhulana, kuphunzitsa, ndi kufunsira, Ben wapeza chitsanzo cha momwe mapangidwe amapangidwira. Kumvetsetsa momwe machitidwe amakhalira okhwima kumakupatsani mwayi wopanga pulogalamu yokhazikika yozungulira dongosolo lanu lopanga - lomwe limavomereza mbali yamunthu ndi kasamalidwe ka ntchitoyi, osati luso komanso luso lokha. Bukhuli lidzakhala chida chamtengo wapatali kwa aliyense wogwira ntchito ndi machitidwe opangira! Kufalitsa Mawu Lowani ku kalata yathu ya Smashing ndikukhala m'modzi mwa oyamba kudziwa nthawi yomwe Maturing Design Systems ilipo kuti muyitanitsetu. Sitingadikire kugawana nanu bukuli!
