Tikamaganizira za anthu ogontha, nthawi zambiri timakhala ndi maganizo olakwika, monga “olumala” achikulire omwe ali ndi zothandizira kumva. Komabe, lingaliro ili siliri chowonadi ndipo nthawi zambiri limabweretsa zisankho zolakwika ndi zinthu zosweka. Tiyeni tiwone nthawi ndi momwe kugontha kumayambira, komanso momwe tingapangire zokumana nazo zabwinoko kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lakumva.
Kusamva Ndi Spectrum Kusamva kumapitilira mopitilira, kuyambira zazing'ono mpaka zazing'ono zamakutu. Pafupifupi 90-95% ya anthu osamva amachokera ku mabanja omwe amamva, ndipo kusamva nthawi zambiri si vuto lomwe anthu amabadwa nalo. Zimachitika kawirikawiri chifukwa cha phokoso lalikulu, ndipo zimawonekeranso ndi zaka, matenda, ndi ngozi.
Kukwera kwa phokoso kumayesedwa ndi mayunitsi otchedwa decibels (dB). Aliyense ali ndi vuto la kusamva, kuyambira pakumva kwabwinobwino (mpaka 15 dB) mpaka kumva kulephera kumva (91+ dB):
Kutaya Kumva Pang'ono, 16-25 dBAt 16 dB kumva kutayika, munthu akhoza kuphonya mpaka 10% ya kulankhula pamene wokamba nkhani ali patali kwambiri kuposa mapazi atatu. Kusamva pang'ono, kumveka kwa 26-40 dBSoft kumakhala kovuta kumva, kuphatikiza kunong'onezana, komwe kuli pafupifupi 40 dB mu voliyumu. Zimakhala zovuta kumva mawu ofewa akulankhulidwa momveka bwino. Pa 40dB kumva kutayika, munthu akhoza kuphonya 50% ya zokambirana za misonkhano. Kusamva pang'ono, 41-55 dBA munthu amatha kumva pafupifupi osalankhula pomwe wina akulankhula momveka bwino. Pakumva kutayika kwa 50dB, munthu satha kulankhula mpaka 80%. Kumva Kutayika Kwambiri Kwambiri, 56-70 dBA munthu akhoza kukhala ndi vuto lomva phokoso la chotsukira mbale (60dB). Pa 70 dB, akhoza kuphonya pafupifupi zolankhula zonse. Kutaya Kumva Kwambiri, 71-90 dBA munthu samva kulankhula pamene munthu akulankhula mulingo wabwinobwino. Amangomva phokoso lamphamvu kwambiri: vacuum (70 dB), blender (78 dB), chowumitsira tsitsi (90 dB). Kutaya Kumva Kwambiri, 91+ dBHsamalankhula komanso kumveka mokweza kwambiri monga choyimba nyimbo chodzaza mphamvu (100 dB), zomwe zingawononge anthu omwe amamva bwino, kapena hutala wagalimoto (110 dB).
Ndikoyenera kutchula kuti kutayika kwa makutu kungakhalenso kwazochitika komanso kwanthawi yochepa, monga anthu omwe ali ndi "kumva" (0 mpaka 25 dB kumva kutayika) nthawi zonse amakumana ndi zochitika zomwe sangathe kumva, mwachitsanzo, chifukwa cha malo aphokoso. Zinthu Zofunika Kudziwa Zokhudza Kugontha Malingaliro amakhala owopsa nthawi zonse, ndipo pankhani ya kusamva, pali ochepa omwe sali olondola. Mwachitsanzo, anthu ogontha ambiri sadziwa chinenero chamanja - ndi pafupifupi 1% yokha ku US. Komanso, ngakhale tikuyembekezera, palibe chinenero chamanja chapadziko lonse chimene aliyense amachigwiritsa ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, osayina ku Britain nthawi zambiri samamvetsetsa osayinira aku America. Padziko lonse pali zilankhulo zamanja zokwana 300 zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mwakhama. “Sitikayikira kuti zolembedwazo zizipezeka m’zinenero zosiyanasiyana zolembedwa kapena zolankhulidwa, chimodzimodzinso m’zinenero zosiyanasiyana.”— Johanna Steiner
Zinenero zamanja sizimangolankhula ndi manja. Ndi zilankhulo za 4D zokhala ndi galamala ndi mawu awo, zosiyana ndi zilankhulo zolankhulidwa, ndipo alibe mawonekedwe olembedwa. Amadalira kwambiri maonekedwe a nkhope kuti apereke tanthauzo ndi kutsindika. Ndipo sizili zapadziko lonse lapansi - dziko lililonse lili ndi chilankhulo chamanja ndi zilankhulo zake.
Mutha kumvetsetsa 30% ya mawu powerenga milomo. Anthu ambiri osamva sadziwa chinenero chamanja. Zinenero zambiri za manja zili ndi zilankhulo za m’deralo zomwe zimakhala zovuta kuzimasulira. Sikuti anthu onse ogontha amalankhula bwino kusaina ndipo nthawi zambiri amadalira zinthu zooneka. Kwa anthu ambiri osamva, chinenero chimene amalankhula ndicho chinenero chawo chachiwiri. Chilankhulo cha manja ndi 4-dimensional, kuphatikiza malo a 3D, nthawi komanso mawonekedwe a nkhope.
Mmene Mungalankhulire Mwaulemu Kumbukirani kuti anthu ambiri osamva amalankhula chinenero cha m’dziko lawo monga chinenero chawo chachiwiri. Choncho kuti mulankhule ndi munthu wosamva, ndi bwino kufunsa molemba. Osafunsa kuti munthu angamvetse bwanji, kapena ngati angakuwerengereni. Komabe, monga momwe Rachel Edwards ananenera, musaganize kuti wina ali womasuka ndi chinenero cholembedwa chifukwa ndi ogontha. Nthawi zina kuwerenga kwawo kumatha kukhala kotsika, motero kupereka chidziwitso ngati zolemba ndikungoganiza kuti kumakhudza anthu osamva sikungakhale yankho. Komanso, musaganize kuti munthu aliyense wogontha akhoza kuwerenga milomo. Mutha kuwona pafupifupi 30% ya mawu pakamwa pa munthu. Ichi ndichifukwa chake anthu ogontha ambiri amafunikira zina zowonjezera zowonera, monga mawu kapena mawu.
Ndikofunikiranso kugwiritsa ntchito mawu aulemu. Anthu osamva samadziona ngati olumala nthawi zonse, koma ngati aochepa azilankhulo zachikhalidwe omwe ali ndi chidziwitso chapadera. Ena, monga momwe Meryl Evan adanenera, samazindikira kuti ndi ogontha kapena osamva, koma monga "osamva". Chifukwa chake, zimatengera munthu momwe akufuna kudziwa.
Ogontha (Capital ‘D’) Mwachikhalidwe Anthu Ogontha amene akhala osamva kuyambira pamene anabadwa kapena asanaphunzire kulankhula. Kaŵirikaŵiri chinenero chamanja ndicho chinenero choyamba, ndipo chinenero cholembedwa ndicho chachiwiri. Ogontha (Lowercase 'd')Anthu omwe adayamba kumva kumva pambuyo pake m'moyo. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu omwe amamva kuti ali pafupi ndi dziko lakumva / lovuta kumva ndipo amakonda kulankhulana molembedwa ndi / kapena pakamwa. Ovuta KumvaAnthu omwe ali ndi vuto losamva pang'ono kapena pang'ono omwe amalankhulana pakamwa komanso amagwiritsa ntchito zothandizira kumva.
Nthawi zambiri, pewani vuto lakumva ngati mungathe, ndipo gwiritsani ntchito Ogontha (kwa ogontha kwa moyo wawo wonse), ogontha (kwa omwe adakhala ogontha pambuyo pake), kapena osamva bwino (HoH) chifukwa cha kusamva pang'ono. Koma mulimonse momwe zingakhalire, funsani poyamba mwaulemu ndiyeno lemekezani zokonda za munthuyo. Malangizo Othandiza a UX Mukamapanga ma UI ndi zomwe zili, lingalirani malangizo ofunikira awa ofikira kwa ogwiritsa ntchito ogontha komanso osamva:
Osapanga foni kukhala yofunika kapena njira yokhayo yolumikizirana. Perekani njira zina zamawu pazidziwitso kapena zidziwitso zonse zomveka. Onjezani malingaliro a haptic pa foni yam'manja (monga mawonekedwe a vibration). Onetsetsani kuti mukuunikira bwino kuti anthu aziwona mawonekedwe a nkhope. Mipando yozungulira nthawi zambiri imagwira ntchito bwino, kotero kuti aliyense athe kuwona nkhope za mnzake. Nthawi zonse phatikizani zofotokozera za mawu osalankhula (monga mvula, kuseka) m'zinthu zanu. Onjezani zolembedwa ndi mawu otsekedwa a audio ndi makanema. Dziwani bwino wokamba aliyense pazomvera ndi makanema. Pangani njira zingapo zolankhulirana nthawi iliyonse (pa intaneti + mwa munthu). Pemphani otenga nawo mbali pavidiyo kuti akhalebe ndi kamera kuti athandizire kuwerenga milomo ndikuwona mawonekedwe a nkhope, omwe amawonetsa mawu. Nthawi zonse yesani malonda ndi anthu ammudzi, m'malo mongowaganizira.
Kumaliza Ndimadzibwereza ndekha ngati mbiri yosweka, koma kupezeka kwabwinoko nthawi zonse kumapindulitsa aliyense. Tikamakonza zokumana nazo zamagulu ena a anthu, nthawi zambiri zimakulitsa zokumana nazo zamagulu osiyanasiyananso. Monga Marie Van Driessche ananenera moyenerera, kuti tipange chokumana nacho chachikulu kuti chifikire, tiyenera kupanga ndi anthu, osati kwa iwo. Ndipo izi zikutanthauza kuti nthawi zonse muphatikizepo anthu omwe ali ndi chidziwitso chodzipatula pakupanga mapangidwe - popeza ndi akatswiri enieni. Kufikika sikuchitika mwangozi - ndi chisankho chadala komanso kudzipereka. Palibe mankhwala a digito omwe salowerera ndale. Payenera kukhala kuyesetsa mwadala kuti malonda ndi ntchito zitheke. Sikuti zimapindulitsa aliyense, komanso zimasonyeza zomwe kampani ikuyimira ndi zomwe zimayendera. Ndipo mukakhala ndi kudzipereka, kudzakhala kosavuta kusunga kupezeka m'malo mowonjezera mphindi yomaliza ngati ndodo - nthawi yachedwa kwambiri kuti muchite bwino komanso yodula kwambiri kuti muchite bwino. Kumanani ndi "Smart Interface Design Patterns" Mutha kupeza zambiri pamapangidwe apangidwe ndi UX mu Smart Interface Design Patterns, kosi yathu ya kanema ya 15h yokhala ndi 100s ya zitsanzo zothandiza kuchokera kuzinthu zenizeni - ndi maphunziro a UX amoyo kumapeto kwa chaka chino. Chilichonse kuyambira ma mega-dropdowns mpaka matebulo ovuta amabizinesi - ndi magawo 5 atsopano amawonjezedwa chaka chilichonse. Pitani ku chithunzithunzi chaulere. Gwiritsani ntchito khodi ya BIRDIE kuti mupulumutse 15%. Kumanani ndi Ma Smart Interface Design Patterns, maphunziro athu amakanema pakupanga mawonekedwe & UX.
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Zothandiza
Kupangira Anthu Ogontha Kumathandiza Aliyense, wolemba Marie Van Driessche "Kupanga malingaliro kwa Ogontha, Ogontha, ndi Osamva," ndi Paul Roberts Beyond Video Captions and Sign Language, yolembedwa ndi Svetlana Kouznetsova "Zochita Zabwino Kwambiri pa CC ndi Ma Subtitles UX", wolemba Vitaly Friedman Kupezeka kwa Webusaiti kwa Osamva Chida Chophatikiza Kamangidwe: Kumva “Kodi Kubadwa Kovuta Kumva Kumatani”, lolembedwa ndi Twanna A. Hines, M.S. "Kufikika: Ma Podcasts kwa Ogontha", ndi Mubarak Alabidun
Mabuku Othandiza
Phokoso Silokwanira, lolemba Svetlana Kouznetsova Mismatch: Momwe Inclusion Shapes Design, yolemba Kat Holmes Kumanga kwa Aliyense: Wonjezerani Kufikira Kwazogulitsa zanu Kupyolera mu Mapangidwe Ophatikiza (+ gawo laulere), lolemba AnnieJean-Baptiste
