Thaum peb xav txog cov neeg lag ntseg, peb feem ntau xav tias cov stereotypes, xws li "cov neeg xiam oob khab" cov neeg laus nrog cov khoom siv hnov lus. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev xav no nyob deb ntawm qhov tseeb thiab feem ntau ua rau kev txiav txim siab tsis zoo thiab cov khoom tawg. Cia peb saib thaum twg thiab qhov lag ntseg tshwm sim li cas, thiab yuav ua li cas los tsim cov kev paub zoo dua rau cov neeg tsis hnov lus.
Lag ntseg yog ib qho Spectrum Kev lag ntseg nthuav dav txuas ntxiv mus, los ntawm me me mus rau qhov tsis hnov lus zoo. Nyob ib ncig ntawm 90-95% ntawm cov neeg lag ntseg los ntawm cov tsev neeg hnov lus, thiab lag ntseg feem ntau tsis yog ib qho mob uas tib neeg yug los. Nws nquag tshwm sim vim raug lub suab nrov, thiab nws kuj tshwm sim nrog hnub nyoog, kab mob, thiab kev raug mob.
Lub suab nrov yog ntsuas hauv units hu ua decibels (dB). Txhua tus neeg nyob rau ntawm qhov muag tsis pom kev, los ntawm qhov hnov lus ib txwm (txog 15 dB) mus rau qhov tsis hnov lus zoo (91+ dB):
Tsis hnov lus me ntsis, 16–25 dBAt 16 dB tsis hnov lus, ib tug neeg tuaj yeem nco txog 10% ntawm kev hais lus thaum tus hais lus nyob deb tshaj 3 feet. Tsis hnov lus me me, 26–40 dBSoft suab tsis hnov tsw, nrog rau ntxhi, uas yog nyob ib ncig ntawm 40 dB hauv ntim. Nws yog qhov nyuaj dua los hnov cov suab hais lus mos uas hais ntawm lub suab ib txwm. Thaum 40dB hnov lus tsis hnov lus, ib tus neeg tuaj yeem nco 50% ntawm kev sib tham. Kev hnov lus tsis zoo, 41–55 dBA tus neeg yuav hnov yuav luag tsis hais lus thaum lwm tus neeg hais lus ntawm ib txwm ntim. Thaum tsis hnov lus 50dB, ib tus neeg yuav tsis tuaj yeem khaws txog 80% ntawm kev hais lus. Kev hnov lus tsis zoo, 56–70 dBA tus neeg yuav muaj teeb meem hnov lub suab ntawm lub tshuab ntxuav tais diav (60dB). Ntawm 70 dB, lawv yuav nco yuav luag txhua qhov kev hais lus. Kev hnov lus hnyav, 71–90 dBA tus neeg yuav hnov tsis hais lus thaum tus neeg hais lus nyob rau theem ib txwm muaj. Tej zaum lawv yuav hnov tsuas yog qee lub suab nrov heev: lub tshuab nqus tsev (70 dB), tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws (78 dB), tshuab ziab plaub hau (90 dB). Kev hnov lus tsis txaus, 91+ dBHear tsis hais lus thiab lub suab nrov nrov xws li lub suab paj nruag ntawm qhov ntim puv (100 dB), uas yuav ua rau cov neeg hnov lus zoo, lossis lub tsheb hneev taw (110 dB).
Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog hais tias qhov tsis hnov lus kuj tuaj yeem tshwm sim thiab ib ntus, raws li cov neeg tsis hnov lus "ib txwm" (0 txog 25 dB hnov lus tsis hnov lus) yuav ib txwm ntsib cov xwm txheej uas lawv hnov tsis tau, piv txwv li, vim muaj suab nrov. Tej Yam Tseem Ceeb Kom Paub Txog Kev Lag ntseg Cov kev xav yog ib txwm txaus ntshai, thiab nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm kev lag ntseg, muaj ob peb yam uas tsis raug. Piv txwv li, cov neeg lag ntseg feem ntau tsis paub hom lus - nws tsuas yog nyob ib ncig ntawm 1% hauv Asmeskas. Tsis tas li ntawd, txawm tias peb cov kev cia siab, yeej tsis muaj cov lus qhia thoob ntiaj teb uas txhua tus siv. Piv txwv li, cov neeg kos npe Askiv feem ntau tsis tuaj yeem nkag siab cov neeg kos npe Asmeskas. Muaj thoob ntiaj teb nyob ib ncig ntawm 300 hom lus sib txawv siv nquag siv. "Peb yeej tsis nug txog kev ua kom muaj cov ntsiab lus sib txawv sau lossis hais lus, thiab tib yam yuav tsum siv rau cov lus kos npe." - Johanna Steiner
Hom lus tsis yog gestures lossis pantomime. Lawv yog 4D spatial lus nrog lawv tus kheej cov qauv sau ntawv thiab cov lus sib dhos, cais los ntawm cov lus hais, thiab lawv tsis muaj daim ntawv sau. Lawv vam khom rau ntawm lub ntsej muag kom qhia lub ntsiab lus thiab qhov tseem ceeb. Thiab lawv kuj tsis yog thoob ntiaj teb - txhua lub teb chaws muaj nws tus kheej hom lus thiab hom lus.
Koj tsuas tuaj yeem nkag siab 30% ntawm cov lus ntawm kev nyeem daim di ncauj. Cov neeg lag ntseg feem coob tsis paub ib hom lus twg. Ntau hom lus muaj cov lus hauv zos uas tuaj yeem txhais tau nyuaj. Tsis yog txhua tus neeg lag ntseg yog cov neeg kos npe zoo thiab feem ntau tso siab rau qhov pom kev pom. Rau ntau tus neeg lag ntseg, lus hais yog lawv hom lus thib ob. Cov lus kos npe yog 4-dimensional, suav nrog 3D qhov chaw, lub sijhawm thiab lub ntsej muag qhia.
Yuav Ua Li Cas Hais Txog Kev Ncaj Ncees Nco ntsoov tias ntau tus neeg lag ntseg siv cov lus hais ntawm lawv lub teb chaws ua lawv hom lus thib ob. Yog li txhawm rau sib txuas lus nrog tus neeg lag ntseg, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj los nug hauv kev sau ntawv. Tsis txhob nug ntau npaum li cas tus neeg tuaj yeem nkag siab, lossis yog tias lawv tuaj yeem nyeem koj daim di ncauj. Txawm li cas los xij, raws li Rachel Edwards tau sau tseg, tsis txhob xav tias ib tus neeg nyiam cov lus sau vim lawv lag ntseg. Qee lub sij hawm lawv cov ntawv nyeem yuav tsawg, thiab yog li muab cov ntaub ntawv raws li cov ntawv nyeem thiab xav tias npog koj cov neeg lag ntseg yuav tsis yog cov lus teb. Tsis tas li ntawd, tsis txhob xav tias txhua tus neeg lag ntseg tuaj yeem nyeem daim di ncauj. Koj tuaj yeem pom tsuas yog li 30% ntawm cov lus ntawm ib tus neeg lub qhov ncauj. Tias yog vim li cas ntau tus neeg lag ntseg xav tau cov lus pom ntxiv, xws li ntawv nyeem lossis hais lus.
Nws kuj tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tau siv cov lus hwm. Cov neeg lag ntseg ib txwm tsis pom lawv tus kheej li neeg xiam oob khab, tab sis yog ib qhokab lis kev cai linguistic minority nrog ib tug tshwj xeeb tus kheej. Lwm tus, raws li Meryl Evan tau sau tseg, tsis qhia tias lag ntseg lossis tsis hnov lus, tab sis yog "tsis hnov lus". Yog li, nws feem ntau yog nyob ntawm tus neeg li cas lawv xav txheeb xyuas.
Lag ntseg (Capital 'D') Cov lag ntseg lag ntseg uas lag ntseg txij thaum yug los lossis ua ntej kawm hais lus. Hom lus feem ntau yog thawj hom lus, thiab cov lus sau yog qhov thib ob. lag ntseg (Lowercase 'd') Cov neeg uas tsim tsis hnov lus tom qab lub neej. Siv los ntawm cov neeg uas xav tias ze rau lub ntiaj teb hnov lus / tsis hnov lus thiab nyiam sib txuas lus sau thiab / lossis qhov ncauj. Hard of HearingCov neeg tsis hnov lus me me mus rau nruab nrab uas feem ntau sib txuas lus ntawm qhov ncauj thiab siv cov khoom siv hnov lus.
Feem ntau, tsis txhob hnov qab yog tias koj tuaj yeem ua tau, thiab siv Cov Lag Luam Lag Luam (rau cov lag ntseg rau feem ntau ntawm lawv lub neej), lag ntseg (rau cov neeg lag ntseg tom qab), lossis tsis hnov lus (HoH) rau kev tsis hnov lus ib nrab. Tab sis ob qho tib si, nug ua ntej thiab tom qab ntawd hwm tus neeg nyiam. Tswv yim UX Cov Lus Qhia Thaum tsim UIs thiab cov ntsiab lus, xav txog cov txheej txheem nkag mus tau yooj yim rau cov neeg lag ntseg thiab tsis hnov lus:
Tsis txhob ua lub xov tooj xav tau lossis tib txoj kev sib cuag. Muab lwm cov ntawv nyeem rau txhua qhov kev ceeb toom lossis cov ntawv ceeb toom. Ntxiv haptic tawm tswv yim ntawm mobile (piv txwv li, kev co qauv). Xyuas kom muaj teeb pom kev zoo los pab tib neeg pom lub ntsej muag. Lub rooj zaum hauv voj voog feem ntau ua haujlwm zoo dua, yog li txhua tus tuaj yeem pom ib leeg lub ntsej muag. Ib txwm suav nrog cov lus piav qhia ntawm cov suab tsis hais (piv txwv li, nag, luag) hauv koj cov ntsiab lus. Ntxiv cov ntawv sau thiab kaw cov ntawv sau rau lub suab thiab video. Qhia meej meej txog txhua tus neeg hais lus hauv txhua cov ntsiab lus suab thiab video. Tsim ntau txoj hauv kev sib txuas lus hauv txhua qhov piv txwv (online + hauv-tus neeg). Caw cov neeg koom nrog cov yeeb yaj kiab kom khaws lub koob yees duab kom yooj yim nyeem daim di ncauj thiab saib lub ntsej muag, uas qhia lub suab. Ib txwm sim cov khoom lag luam nrog cov zej zog tiag tiag, tsis txhob ua qhov kev xav rau lawv.
Wrapping Up Kuv pheej rov hais dua kuv tus kheej zoo li cov ntaub ntawv tawg, tab sis kev nkag tau zoo dua ib txwm muaj txiaj ntsig rau txhua tus. Thaum peb txhim kho kev paub dhau los rau qee pawg neeg, nws feem ntau txhim kho kev paub dhau los rau txhua pawg neeg sib txawv thiab. Raws li Marie Van Driessche tau sau tseg, tsim kom muaj kev paub zoo rau kev siv tau, peb yuav tsum tsim nrog tib neeg, tsis yog rau lawv. Thiab qhov ntawd txhais tau hais tias ib txwm suav nrog cov neeg uas muaj kev paub dhau los ntawm kev cais tawm hauv cov txheej txheem tsim - raws li lawv yog cov kws tshaj lij tiag tiag. Kev nkag mus yeej tsis tshwm sim los ntawm kev sib tsoo - nws yog kev txiav txim siab txiav txim siab thiab kev cog lus. Tsis muaj cov khoom lag luam digital yog nruab nrab. Yuav tsum muaj kev mob siab rau ua kom cov khoom thiab cov kev pabcuam nkag tau yooj yim dua. Tsis tsuas yog nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau txhua tus, tab sis nws tseem qhia tau tias lub tuam txhab sawv cev rau dab tsi thiab muaj txiaj ntsig. Thiab thaum koj muaj kev cog lus, nws yuav yooj yim dua los khaws cov kev nkag tau yooj yim dua li tsis ntxiv nws lub xeem feeb ua tus ntoo khaub lig - thaum nws twb lig dhau los ua nws txoj cai thiab kim dhau los ua nws zoo. Ntsib "Smart Interface Design Patterns" Koj tuaj yeem pom cov ntsiab lus ntxiv ntawm cov qauv tsim thiab UX hauv Smart Interface Design Patterns, peb chav kawm 15h-video nrog 100s ntawm cov qauv siv tau los ntawm cov haujlwm tiag tiag - nrog rau kev kawm UX nyob tom qab xyoo no. Txhua yam los ntawm mega-dropdowns rau cov rooj lag luam nyuaj - nrog 5 ntu tshiab ntxiv txhua xyoo. Dhia mus saib ua ntej pub dawb. Siv code BIRDIE kom txuag tau 15% tawm. Ntsib Smart Interface Design Patterns, peb chav kawm video ntawm interface tsim & UX.
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Cov peev txheej muaj txiaj ntsig
Tsim Rau Cov Neeg Lag ntseg Pab Txhua Tus, los ntawm Marie Van Driessche "Tsim kev xav rau cov lag ntseg, lag ntseg, thiab tsis hnov lus", los ntawm Paul Roberts Tshaj li Video Captions thiab Kos Npe, los ntawm Svetlana Kouznetsova "Kev Ua Zoo Tshaj Plaws Rau CC thiab Subtitles UX", los ntawm Vitaly Friedman Web Accessibility rau cov neeg lag ntseg Inclusive Design Toolkit: Hnov "Yuav Ua Li Cas Thiaj Yug Tsis Hnov", los ntawm Twanna A. Hines, M.S. "Accessibility: Podcasts for the lag ntseg", los ntawm Mubarak Alabidun
Cov phau ntawv muaj txiaj ntsig
Suab Tsis Txaus, los ntawm Svetlana Kouznetsova Mismatch: Yuav Ua Li Cas Ntxiv Shapes Design, los ntawm Kat Holmes Lub Tsev Rau Txhua Tus: Txuas Koj Cov Khoom Kom Tau Los Ntawm Kev Tsim Kho (+ pub dawb excerpt), los ntawm AnnieJean-Baptiste
