Iyo dutekereje kubantu bafite ubumuga bwo kutumva, akenshi dufata imyumvire, nka "abamugaye" bakuze bafite ibyuma bifasha kumva. Nyamara, iyi myumvire iri kure yukuri kandi akenshi iganisha kumyanzuro mibi nibicuruzwa byacitse. Reka turebe igihe nuburyo ubumuga bwo kutumva bugaragara, nuburyo bwo gutegura uburambe bwiza kubantu bafite ikibazo cyo kutumva.
Ibipfamatwi ni ibintu Ibipfamatwi bimara umwanya munini, kuva byoroheje kugeza kunanirwa kwumva. Hafi ya 90-95% yabatumva bakomoka mumiryango yumva, kandi kutumva akenshi ntabwo ari ibintu abantu bavukamo. Bikunze kubaho kubera guhura n'urusaku rwinshi, kandi bikagaragara no mu myaka, indwara, n'impanuka.
Ijwi ryijwi ripimirwa mubice bita decibels (dB). Abantu bose bari mubipfamatwi, kuva kumva bisanzwe (kugeza 15 dB) kugeza kubura cyane (91+ dB):
Gutakaza Kumva gato, 16-25 dBAt 16 dB kutumva, umuntu arashobora kubura kuvuga 10% mugihe uwatanze disikuru ari intera irenze metero 3. Kubura kumva byoroheje, 26-40 dBS amajwi aragoye kubyumva, harimo no kwongorera, bingana na 40 dB mubunini. Biragoye cyane kumva amajwi yoroshye avuga amajwi asanzwe. Kuri 40dB yo kutumva, umuntu arashobora kubura 50% mubiganiro byinama. Kugabanuka kwumva mu rugero, 41-55 dBA umuntu arashobora kumva hafi nta jambo mugihe undi muntu avuga mubunini busanzwe. Mugihe cyo kutumva 50dB, umuntu ntashobora gutora 80% yimvugo. Mu buryo butagabanije kumva nabi, 56-70 umuntu wa dBA ashobora kugira ikibazo cyo kumva amajwi yo koza ibikoresho (60dB). Kuri 70 dB, barashobora kubura imvugo hafi ya yose. Gutakaza Kumva cyane, 71-90 dBA umuntu ntazumva ijambo mugihe umuntu arimo avuga kurwego rusanzwe. Bashobora kumva urusaku rwinshi cyane: vacuum (70 dB), blender (78 dB), yumisha umusatsi (90 dB). Gutakaza Kwumva Byimbitse, 91+ dB Ntukumve ijambo kandi mumajwi aranguruye cyane nkumucuranga wumuziki wuzuye (100 dB), byangiza abantu bafite kumva bisanzwe, cyangwa ihembe ryimodoka (110 dB).
Birakwiye kuvuga ko gutakaza kumva bishobora nanone kuba ibihe kandi byigihe gito, kuko abantu bafite kumva "bisanzwe" (0 kugeza 25 dB kutumva) bazahora bahura nibibazo badashobora kumva, urugero, kubera urusaku rwinshi. Ibintu Byingirakamaro Kumenya Ibipfamatwi Ibitekerezo buri gihe ni bibi, kandi kubijyanye no kutumva, hariho abatari bake badakwiye. Kurugero, abantu benshi batumva mubyukuri ntibazi ururimi rwamarenga - ni 1% gusa muri Amerika. Kandi, nubwo ibyo dutegereje, mubyukuri nta rurimi rw'amarenga rukoreshwa n'abantu bose bakoresha. Kurugero, abasinya mubwongereza akenshi ntibashobora kumva abasinya abanyamerika. Hano ku isi hose indimi z'amarenga zigera kuri 300 zikoreshwa cyane. “Ntabwo twigera dushidikanya ko ibintu biboneka mu ndimi zitandukanye zanditse cyangwa zivugwa, kandi ni ko bigomba no gukoreshwa mu ndimi zasinywe.” - Johanna Steiner
Indimi z'amarenga ntabwo ari ibimenyetso gusa cyangwa pantomime. Ni indimi 4D zitandukanijwe hamwe nimbonezamvugo zabo hamwe na syntax, zitandukanye nindimi zivugwa, kandi ntibafite ifishi yanditse. Bishingikiriza cyane kumaso yo mumaso kugirango batange ibisobanuro nibishimangira. Kandi nabo ntabwo ari rusange - buri gihugu gifite ururimi rwamarenga nimvugo.
Urashobora kumva gusa 30% yamagambo ukoresheje gusoma iminwa. Abatumva benshi ntibazi ururimi rw'amarenga. Indimi nyinshi z'amarenga zifite imvugo zaho zishobora kugorana kubisobanura. Abantu bose batumva ntabwo basinya neza kandi akenshi bashingira kubimenyetso bifatika. Kubatumva benshi, ururimi ruvugwa nururimi rwabo rwa kabiri. Ururimi rw'amarenga ni 4-rufite ibipimo, birimo umwanya wa 3D, umwanya ndetse no mumaso.
Uburyo bwo Gushyikirana Icyubahiro Wibuke ko abatumva benshi bakoresha ururimi ruvugwa mugihugu cyabo nkururimi rwabo rwa kabiri. Kuganira rero numuntu utumva, nibyiza kubaza mu nyandiko. Ntubaze uko umuntu ashobora gusobanukirwa, cyangwa niba ashobora kugusoma iminwa. Ariko, nkuko Rachel Edwards yabivuze, ntukibwire ko umuntu yorohewe nururimi rwanditse kuko ari ibipfamatwi. Rimwe na rimwe, gusoma no kwandika birashobora kuba bike, bityo rero gutanga amakuru nkumwandiko no gutekereza ko bikubiyemo abakoresha igipfamatwi ntibishobora kuba igisubizo. Kandi, ntukibwire ko umuntu wese utumva ashobora gusoma iminwa. Urashobora kubona amagambo agera kuri 30% gusa kumunwa wumuntu. Niyo mpamvu abantu benshi batumva bakeneye ibimenyetso byerekana amashusho, nk'inyandiko cyangwa imvugo yatanzwe.
Ni ngombwa kandi gukoresha imvugo yubashye. Abatumva ntabwo buri gihe bibona ko bamugaye, ahubwo ni aumuco w'indimi nkeya ufite indangamuntu idasanzwe. Abandi, nk'uko Meryl Evan yabivuze, ntibagaragaza ko ari ibipfamatwi cyangwa bigoye kumva, ahubwo ko ari “abafite ubumuga bwo kutumva”. Rero, ahanini bireba umuntu kugiti cye uko ashaka kumenya.
Ibipfamatwi (Umurwa mukuru 'D') Umuco w'abatumva bafite ubumuga bwo kutumva kuva bakivuka cyangwa mbere yo kwiga kuvuga. Ururimi rw'amarenga ni ururimi rwa mbere, kandi ururimi rwanditse ni urwa kabiri. abatumva (Inyuguti nto 'd') Abantu bagize ikibazo cyo kutumva nyuma mubuzima. Byakoreshejwe nabantu bumva begereye kumva / bigoye-kumva-isi kandi bahitamo kuvugana byanditse kandi / cyangwa umunwa. Biragoye Kumva Abantu bafite ikibazo cyo kutumva cyoroheje kandi giciriritse bakunze kuvugana kumunwa no gukoresha ibyuma byumva.
Muri rusange, irinde ubumuga bwo kutumva niba ubishoboye, kandi ukoreshe ibipfamatwi (kubatumva kubuzima bwabo bwose), abatumva (kubatumva nyuma), cyangwa bigoye kumva (HoH) kugirango utumva neza. Ariko uko byagenda kose, banza ubaze ubupfura hanyuma wubahe ibyo umuntu akunda. Amabwiriza ya UX Mugihe utegura UI nibirimo, suzuma aya mabwiriza yingenzi yo kugera kubakoresha ibipfamatwi kandi bigoye kumva:
Ntugakore terefone isabwa cyangwa uburyo bwonyine bwo guhura. Tanga ubundi buryo bwanditse kubimenyeshwa byumvikana cyangwa amatangazo. Ongeraho ibitekerezo bishimishije kuri mobile (urugero, uburyo bwo kunyeganyega). Menya neza itara ryiza rifasha abantu kubona mumaso. Kwicara kuzunguruka mubisanzwe bikora neza, kuburyo buriwese ashobora kubona mumaso. Buri gihe shyiramo ibisobanuro byamajwi atavuzwe (urugero, imvura, ibitwenge) mubirimo. Ongeraho inyandiko-mvugo kandi ifunze ibisobanuro byamajwi na videwo. Menya neza buri muvugizi mubirimo amajwi n'amashusho. Tegura uburyo bwinshi bwo kuvugana murwego rwose (kumurongo + kumuntu). Saba abitabiriye videwo gukomeza kamera kugirango borohereze gusoma iminwa no kureba isura yo mumaso, itanga ijwi. Buri gihe ugerageze ibicuruzwa hamwe numuryango nyirizina, aho kubitekerezaho.
Gupfunyika Nkomeje kwisubiramo nkibintu byacitse, ariko kuboneka neza buri gihe bigirira akamaro buri wese. Iyo tunonosoye ubunararibonye kumatsinda amwe yabantu, akenshi bitezimbere uburambe kumatsinda atandukanye rwose. Nkuko Marie Van Driessche yabivuze neza, kugirango dushushanye uburambe bukomeye bwo kugerwaho, tugomba gushushanya nabantu, aho kubareba. Kandi ibyo bivuze ko buri gihe ushiramo abantu bafite uburambe bwubuzima bwo guhezwa mubikorwa - kuko ari abahanga nyabo. Kugerwaho ntabwo bibaho kubwimpanuka - ni icyemezo nkana no kwiyemeza. Nta bicuruzwa bya digitale bibogamye. Hagomba kubaho imbaraga nkana kugirango ibicuruzwa na serivisi bigerweho. Ntabwo bigirira akamaro abantu bose gusa, ahubwo byerekana icyo sosiyete ihagaze nagaciro. Numara kugira ibyo wiyemeje, bizoroha cyane kugumana uburyo bwo kuyigeraho aho kuyongeraho kumunota wanyuma nkikibando - mugihe bimaze gutinda kubikora neza n'inzira ihenze kubikora neza. Tahura "Igishushanyo mbonera cya Smart Interface" Urashobora kubona ibisobanuro birambuye kubijyanye nigishushanyo mbonera na UX muburyo bwa Smart Interface Igishushanyo mbonera, amasomo yacu ya 15h-videwo hamwe ningero 100 zingero zifatika ziva mubikorwa byimibereho - hamwe namahugurwa ya UX nzima nyuma yuyu mwaka. Ibintu byose kuva mega-kumanuka kugeza kumeza yibikorwa byinganda - hamwe nibice 5 bishya byongewe buri mwaka. Simbukira kubuntu. Koresha code BIRDIE kugirango uzigame 15%. Tahura na Smart Interface Igishushanyo mbonera, amasomo yacu ya videwo kubishushanyo mbonera & UX.
Video + UX AmahugurwaVideo gusaVideo + UX Amahugurwa $ 495.00 $ 699.00
Shakisha Video + UX Amahugurwa 25 ya videwo (15h) + Amahugurwa ya Live UX.100 iminsi amafaranga-gusubiza- garanti.Video gusa $ 300.00 $ 395.00
Shaka amasomo ya videwo40 amasomo ya videwo (15h). Kuvugururwa buri mwaka.Ikindi kiboneka nka UX Bundle hamwe namasomo 2 ya videwo.
Ibikoresho Byingirakamaro
Gushushanya abatumva bifasha abantu bose, by Marie Van Driessche “Shushanya ibitekerezo ku batumva, abatumva, kandi bigoye kumva”, cyanditswe na Paul Roberts Kurenga amashusho yerekana amashusho nururimi rw'amarenga, na Svetlana Kouznetsova “Imyitozo myiza kuri CC na Subtitles UX”, na Vitaly Friedman Urubuga Kuboneka Kubatumva Igishushanyo mbonera gikubiyemo ibikoresho: Kumva “Bimeze bite kuvuka bigoye kumva”, by Twanna A. Hines, M.S. “Kugerwaho: Podcasts kubatumva”, na Mubarak Alabidun
Ibitabo byingirakamaro
Ijwi ntirihagije, by Svetlana Kouznetsova Kudahuza: Uburyo Kwinjiza Bishushanya Igishushanyo, na Kat Holmes Kubaka kuri buri wese: Ongera ibicuruzwa byawe bigere kubishushanyo mbonera (+ ibice byubusa), na AnnieJean-Baptiste
