Uma sicabanga ngabantu abayizithulu, sivame ukucabanga ngemibono, njengabadala “abakhubazekile” abanezinsiza-kuzwa. Kodwa-ke, lo mbono awukude neqiniso futhi uvame ukuholela ezinqumweni ezimbi kanye nemikhiqizo ephukile. Ake sibheke ukuthi ubuthulu buvela nini futhi kanjani, nokuthi singayiklama kanjani imizwa engcono yabantu abanenkinga yokuzwa.
Ukungezwa Kuyi-Spectrum Ubuthulu buhlanganisa ukuqhubeka okubanzi, kusukela kokuncane kuya ekulahlekelweni kokuzwa okujulile. Cishe u-90-95% wabantu abayizithulu bavela emindenini engezwayo, futhi ukungezwa ngokuvamile akusona nje isimo abantu abazalwa benaso. Kuvama ukuvela ngenxa yokuchayeka emisindweni ephezulu, futhi kuvela nobudala, izifo, nezingozi.
Ukuphakama komsindo kukalwa ngamayunithi abizwa ngokuthi ama-decibel (dB). Wonke umuntu usenkingeni yobuthulu, kusukela ekuzweni okujwayelekile (kufika ku-15 dB) kuya ekulahlekelweni kwezindlebe okujulile (91+ dB):
Ukulahlekelwa Ukuzwa Okuncane, ukulahlekelwa kokuzwa okungu-16–25 dBAt 16 dB, umuntu angaphuthelwa kufika ku-10% wenkulumo lapho isikhulumi sikubanga elikhulu kunamafidi angu-3. Ukungezwa kahle kwezindlebe, imisindo engu-26–40 dBSoft kunzima ukuyizwa, okuhlanganisa nokuhleba, okungaba ngu-40 dB ngevolumu. Kunzima kakhulu ukuzwa imisindo yenkulumo ethambile ikhulunywa ngevolumu evamile. Ekulahlekelweni kokuzwa okungu-40dB, umuntu angase aphuthelwe u-50% wezingxoxo zomhlangano. Ukulahlekelwa kwezindlebe okumaphakathi, umuntu ongu-41–55 dBA angase ezwe cishe kungabikho nkulumo lapho omunye umuntu ekhuluma ngevolumu evamile. Ekulahlekelweni kokuzwa okungu-50dB, umuntu angase angatholi kufika ku-80% wenkulumo. Ukulahleka Kwezindlebe Okumaphakathi, okungu-56–70 dBA umuntu angase abe nenkinga yokuzwa imisindo yomshini wokuwasha izitsha (60dB). Ku-70 dB, bangase baphuthe cishe yonke inkulumo. Ukulahlekelwa Ukuzwa Okukhulu, umuntu ongu-71–90 dBA ngeke ezwe inkulumo lapho umuntu ekhuluma ezingeni elivamile. Bangase bezwe kuphela imisindo emikhulu kakhulu: i-vacuum (70 dB), i-blender (78 dB), isomisi sezinwele (90 dB). Ukulahlekelwa Ukuzwa Okujulile, i-91+ dBHear akukho nkulumo nomsindo ozwakala kakhulu njengesidlali somculo esinevolumu ephelele (100 dB), okungaba yingozi kubantu abangezwa ngendlela evamile, noma uphondo lwemoto (110 dB).
Kuhle ukusho ukuthi ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa kungase kube yisimo futhi okwesikhashana, njengoba abantu abanokuzwa "okuvamile" (0 kuya ku-25 dB ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa) bayohlala behlangabezana nezimo lapho bengezwa khona, isb., ngenxa yezindawo ezinomsindo. Izinto Eziwusizo Okufanele Uzazi Ngokungezwa Ukuqagela kuhlale kuyingozi, futhi esimweni sokungezwa, kukhona okumbalwa okunganembile. Isibonelo, abantu abaningi abayizithulu empeleni abalwazi ulimi lwezandla - cishe ku-1% kuphela e-US. Futhi, ngaphandle kokulindela kwethu, empeleni alukho ulimi lwezandla olusetshenziswa wonke umuntu. Isibonelo, abasayini baseBrithani ngokuvamile abakwazi ukuqonda abasayini baseMelika. Emhlabeni jikelele kunezilimi zezandla ezehlukene ezisetshenziswayo ezingaba ngu-300. “Asikaze sikungabaze ukwenza okuqukethwe kutholakale ngezilimi ezahlukene ezibhaliwe noma ezikhulunywayo, futhi kufanele kusebenze okufanayo ezilimini ezisayinwa ngezandla.”— UJohanna Steiner
Izilimi zezandla azikona nje ukushukuma komzimba noma i-pantomime. Ziyizilimi zendawo ze-4D ezinohlelo lwazo lolimi kanye ne-syntax, ehlukene nezilimi ezikhulunywayo, futhi azinayo indlela yokubhala. Bathembela kakhulu esimeni sobuso ukuze baveze incazelo nokugcizelela. Futhi azikho emhlabeni wonke - izwe ngalinye linolimi lwalo lwezandla nezilimi zesigodi.
Ungakwazi ukuqonda kuphela u-30% wamagama ngokufunda izindebe zomlomo. Abantu abaningi abayizithulu abalwazi ulimi lwezandla. Izilimi eziningi zezandla zinezilimi zesigodi okunzima ukuzihumusha. Akubona bonke abantu abayizithulu abakhuluma kahle ngezandla futhi ngokuvamile bathembele emibonweni ebonakalayo. Kubantu abaningi abayizithulu, ulimi olukhulunywayo luwulimi lwabo lwesibili. Ulimi lwezandla luyi-4-dimensional, luhlanganisa isikhala se-3D, isikhathi kanye nesimo sobuso.
Indlela Yokukhulumisana Ngenhlonipho Khumbula ukuthi abantu abaningi abayizithulu basebenzisa ulimi olukhulunywa emazweni akubo njengolimi lwabo lwesibili. Ngakho-ke ukuze uxhumane nomuntu oyisithulu, kungcono ukubuza ngokubhala. Ungabuzi ukuthi kungakanani umuntu angakuqonda, noma uma ekwazi ukufunda izindebe zakho. Nokho, njengoba uRachel Edwards aphawula, ungacabangi ukuthi othile ukhululekile ngolimi olubhalwayo ngoba uyisithulu. Kwesinye isikhathi ukufunda kwabo kungase kube kuphansi, ngakho ukunikeza ulwazi njengombhalo futhi kucatshangwa ukuthi okufaka abasebenzisi bakho abayizithulu kungase kungabi yimpendulo. Futhi, ungacabangi ukuthi wonke umuntu oyisithulu angakwazi ukufunda izindebe. Ungabona kuphela amagama angama-30% emlonyeni womuntu. Kungakho abantu abaningi abayizithulu bedinga ezinye izimpawu ezibonakalayo, njengombhalo noma inkulumo ekhonjiwe.
Kubalulekile futhi ukusebenzisa ulimi olunenhlonipho. Abantu abayizithulu abaziboni bekhubazekile ngaso sonke isikhathi, kodwa bazibona beyi-aidlanzana lolimi lwamasiko elinobunikazi obuhlukile. Abanye, njengoba uMeryl Evan ephawulile, abaziboni njengezithulu noma abangezwa kahle, kodwa kunalokho “njengabangezwa kahle”. Ngakho-ke, kuxhomeke kakhulu kumuntu ukuthi ufuna ukukhomba kanjani.
Izithulu (Capital ‘D’)Ngokwesiko abantu abayizithulu abebeyizithulu kusukela bezalwa noma ngaphambi kokufunda ukukhuluma. Ulimi lwezandla ngokuvamile luwulimi lokuqala, kanti ulimi olubhalwayo lungolwesibili. Izithulu (Lowercase ‘d’)Abantu abaqala ukungezwa kamuva empilweni. Kusetshenziswa abantu abazizwa besondelene nezwe lokuzwa/okunzima ukuzwa futhi bakhetha ukuxhumana ngokubhaliwe kanye/noma ngomlomo. Kunzima UkuzwaAbantu abangezwa kahle kuya kokumaphakathi abavamise ukuxhumana ngomlomo futhi basebenzise izinsiza-kuzwa.
Ngokuvamile, gwema ukungezwa kahle kwezindlebe uma ukwazi, futhi usebenzise i-Deaf (kulabo abayizithulu isikhathi esiningi sokuphila kwabo), izithulu (kulabo ababa izithulu kamuva), noma ukungezwa kahle (HoH) ukuze bangezwa kancane. Kodwa noma yikuphi, buza ngesizotha kuqala bese uhlonipha okuthandwa ngumuntu. Imihlahlandlela ye-UX esebenzayo Lapho uklama ama-UI nokuqukethwe, cabanga ngalezi ziqondiso ezibalulekile zokufinyeleleka zabasebenzisi abayizithulu nabangezwa kahle:
Ungenzi ifoni idingeke noma okuwukuphela kwendlela yokuxhumana. Nikeza ezinye izindlela zombhalo zazo zonke izexwayiso ezizwakalayo noma izaziso. Engeza impendulo ye-haptic kuselula (isb., amaphethini okudlidliza). Qinisekisa ukukhanya okuhle ukuze usize abantu babone isimo sobuso. Izihlalo eziyindilinga ngokuvamile zisebenza kangcono, ukuze wonke umuntu abone ubuso bomunye. Hlala uhlanganisa izincazelo zemisindo engakhulunywa (isb., imvula, uhleko) kokuqukethwe kwakho. Engeza okulotshiweyo namagama-ncazo avaliwe omsindo nevidiyo. Khomba ngokucacile isikhulumi ngasinye kuwo wonke okuqukethwe komsindo nevidiyo. Dala izindlela eziningi zokuxhumana ngaso sonke isikhathi (ku-inthanethi + mathupha). Mema abahlanganyeli bevidiyo ukuthi bagcine ikhamera ivuliwe ukuze kube lula ukufunda izindebe nokubukwa kwesimo sobuso, esidlulisa ithoni. Njalo hlola imikhiqizo nomphakathi wangempela, esikhundleni sokuwucabangela.
Esonga Ngilokhu ngiziphindaphinda njengerekhodi eliphukile, kodwa ukufinyeleleka okungcono kuhlala kuzuzisa wonke umuntu. Uma sithuthukisa ukuzizwisa kwamanye amaqembu abantu, kuvame ukuthuthukisa ukuzizwisa nakumaqembu ahluke ngokuphelele. Njengoba uMarie Van Driessche aphawula ngokufanelekile, ukuze sidizayine okuhlangenwe nakho okuhle ukuze kufinyeleleke, kufanele siklame nabantu, kunokuba senzele bona. Futhi lokho kusho ukuthi njalo kufaka phakathi abantu abanolwazi oluphilayo lokukhishwa enqubweni yokuklama - njengoba bengochwepheshe bangempela. Ukufinyelela akukaze kwenzeke ngengozi - kuyisinqumo sangamabomu nokuzibophezela. Awukho umkhiqizo wedijithali ongathathi hlangothi. Kufanele kube nomzamo wamabomu wokwenza imikhiqizo namasevisi kufinyeleleke kalula. Akugcini nje ngokuzuzisa wonke umuntu, kodwa futhi kubonisa ukuthi inkampani imele ini namagugu. Futhi uma usuzibophezele, kuzoba lula kakhulu ukugcina ukufinyeleleka kunokukungeza ngomzuzu wokugcina njengendlela yokusiza - lapho sekwephuze kakhulu ukukwenza kahle futhi kubize kakhulu ukukwenza kahle. Hlangana ne-“Smart Interface Design Patterns” Ungathola imininingwane eyengeziwe mayelana namaphethini edizayini kanye ne-UX ku-Smart Interface Design Patterns, isifundo sethu sevidiyo engu-15h esinama-100s ezibonelo ezingokoqobo ezivela kumaphrojekthi wempilo yangempela — ngokuqeqeshwa kwe-UX bukhoma kamuva kulo nyaka. Yonke into kusukela ekwehleni okukhulu kuya kumathebula ebhizinisi ayinkimbinkimbi - anezigaba ezintsha ezi-5 njalo ngonyaka. Gxumela ekubukeni kuqala kwamahhala. Sebenzisa ikhodi ye-BIRDIE ukuze wonge isaphulelo esingu-15%. Hlangana ne-Smart Interface Design Patterns, isifundo sethu sevidiyo sokuklama isixhumi esibonakalayo ne-UX.
Ividiyo + Ukuqeqeshwa kwe-UXIvidiyo kuphelaIvidiyo + Ukuqeqeshwa kwe-UX$ 495.00 $ 699.00
Thola izifundo zevidiyo + ze-UX Training25 (15h) + Ukuqeqeshwa kwe-UX Bukhoma.Isiqinisekiso sokubuyiselwa imali sezinsuku eziyi-100.Ividiyo kuphela$ 300.00$ 395.00
Thola izifundo zevidiyo ezingama-40 (15h). Ibuyekezwa minyaka yonke.Futhi iyatholakala njengenqwaba ye-UX enezifundo zamavidiyo ezi-2.
Izinsiza Eziwusizo
Ukudizayina Abantu Abangezwa Kusiza Wonke Umuntu, nguMarie Van Driessche "Ukucatshangelwa okucatshangelwayo kwabangezwa, abayizithulu nabangezwa kahle", nguPaul Roberts Ngale Kwamagama-ncazo Evidiyo Nolimi Lwezandla, ka-Svetlana Kouznetsova "Imikhuba Engcono Kakhulu Ye-CC Nemibhalo Engezansi UX", ngu-Vitaly Friedman Ukufinyeleleka Kwewebhu Kwabasebenzisi Abayizithulu Ikhithi Yamathuluzi Edizayini Ebandakanyayo: Ukuzwa “Kunjani Ukuzalwa Kanzima Ukungezwa”, kaTwanna A. Hines, M.S. "Ukufinyeleleka: Ama-Podcasts ezithulu", ngu-Mubarak Alabidun
Izincwadi Eziwusizo
Umsindo Akwanele, nguSvetlana Kouznetsova I-Mismatch: I-Inclusion Shapes Design, ka-Kat Holmes Ukwakhela Wonke Umuntu: Nweba Ukufinyelela Komkhiqizo Wakho Ngokuklama Okubandakanyayo (+ ingcaphuno yamahhala), ka-AnnieUJean-Baptiste
