Zaka khumi zapitazo, mapangidwe okopa anali malire atsopano m'munda wa UX. M'nkhani ya Smashing ya 2015, ndinali m'modzi mwa omwe adawonetsa njira kuti asinthidwe achoke pakungoyang'ana kwambiri pakuwongolera magwiridwe antchito ndikuchotsa mikangano kuti nawonso azitsogolera ogwiritsa ntchito zomwe akufuna. Zomwe zidalipo zinali zophweka: mwa kugwiritsa ntchito psychology, titha kukhudza machitidwe a ogwiritsa ntchito ndikuyendetsa zotulukapo monga kulembetsa kwapamwamba, kukwera mwachangu komanso kolemera, komanso kusungabe zinthu mwamphamvu komanso kuchitapo kanthu. Zaka khumi pambuyo pake, lonjezo limenelo latsimikizika - koma osati momwe ambiri a ife timayembekezera. Magulu ambiri azinthu amakumanabe ndi zovuta zodziwika bwino: mitengo yotsika kwambiri, kuyimitsa kofooka, ndipo ogwiritsa ntchito amatsika asanakumane ndi phindu lalikulu. Kupititsa patsogolo kagwiritsidwe ntchito kumathandiza, koma sikuti nthawi zonse kumathetsa kusiyana kwa makhalidwe komwe kumakhala pansi pa machitidwe awa. Mapangidwe okopa sanathe - adakhwima. Masiku ano, njira yothandiza kwambiri ya ntchitoyi nthawi zambiri imatchedwa kamangidwe kakhalidwe: njira yolumikizira zokumana nazo zamalonda ndi zoyendetsa zenizeni zamakhalidwe aumunthu, ndi malingaliro abwino. Ikachitidwa bwino, imatha kusintha kutembenuka, kumaliza, kuchitapo kanthu, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali popanda kunyengerera. Nazi zomwe ndifotokoze:
Zomwe zakhala zikuchitika kuyambira zaka khumi zapitazi za mapangidwe okopa; Zomwe sizinakhazikike, makamaka malire a gamification-yoyamba; Zomwe zidasintha momwe timatsatsira machitidwe, kuchokera pazoyambitsa kupita ku nkhani ndi machitidwe; Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito machitidwe amakono kuti mupititse patsogolo kuzindikira ndi malingaliro; Njira yothandiza yoyendetsera ntchitoyi ngati gulu, pogwiritsa ntchito njira zisanu zochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi, mutha kusinthana ndi mankhwala anu.
Cholinga sikuwonjezera machenjerero ena pazipangizo zanu. Ndiko kukuthandizani kuti mupange njira yobwerezabwereza, yogawana kuti muzindikire zolepheretsa zamakhalidwe ndikupanga mayankho omwe amathandizira zolinga za ogwiritsa ntchito komanso zotsatira zabizinesi. Kodi Kunyengerera N'chimodzimodzi ndi Chinyengo? Kapangidwe Kachitidwe sikungokhudza kumenya njira zachinyengo kapena "ma hacks akukula" pa UI yanu. Ndiko kumvetsetsa zomwe zimathandizira kapena kulepheretsa ogwiritsa ntchito anu kuti akwaniritse cholinga chawo ndikupanga zomwe zimawatsogolera kuti apambane.
Kukonzekera kwamakhalidwe kumakhudzanso kuthetsa kusiyana pakati pa zomwe ogwiritsa ntchito akufuna (kukwaniritsa zolinga zawo, kumverera kwamtengo wapatali) ndi zomwe mabizinesi amafunikira (kutsegula, kusunga, ndalama), kupanga zotsatira zopambana pomwe UX yabwino ndi zotsatira zabwino zamabizinesi zimagwirizana. Koma mofanana ndi zida zonse zamphamvu, zingagwiritsidwe ntchito zabwino ndi zoipa. Kusiyana kwagona pa cholinga cha mlengi. Okonza ena amatsutsa kuti samalimbikitsa mapangidwe a khalidwe kapena okopa, pamene ena amanena kuti tifunika kumvetsetsa zida kuti tiphunzire kuzigwiritsa ntchito bwino komanso momwe tingagwiritsire ntchito mosavuta, ndipo nthawi zambiri mopanda nzeru, kugwera mumsampha wolimbikitsa lens yosayenera. Ngati sitinaunikidwe, ndiye tingaweruze bwanji chimene chimaimira makhalidwe abwino ndi oipa? Ngati sitikumvetsetsa momwe psychology imagwirira ntchito, ndiye kuti sitidziwa zomwe timafunikira kuti tiwone zomwe tikufuna. Ngati sitimvetsetsa zida izi, sitingathe kuziwona zikagwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika. Kusiyana pakati pa kunyengerera ndi chinyengo ndi cholinga, kuphatikiza kuyankha. Zaka Khumi Pambuyo pake, Kodi Taphunzira Chiyani? Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 2010, magulu ambiri adawona zojambula zokopa ngati zofanana ndi masewera. Ngati muwonjeza mfundo, mabaji, ndi ma boardboard, mukuchita psychology. Ndipo kunena zoona, zimango za pamwambazi zinkagwira ntchito nthawi zina, makamaka pakanthawi kochepa. Amatha kukopa anthu kudzera mumayendedwe okwera kapena kulimbikitsa ma logins angapo owonjezera. Koma patapita zaka khumi, malire awo anaonekera. Zachilendozo zitatha, ambiri mwa machitidwewa adakhala osazama. Ogwiritsa ntchito adaphunzira kunyalanyaza mipata yomwe sinalumikizane ndi chilichonse chofunikira kapena kusiya pomwe adazindikira kuti masewerawa sakuwathandizira kukwaniritsa cholinga chenicheni.
Apa ndipamene chiphunzitso chodziyimira pawokha chasintha mwakachetechete momwe magulu amaganizira zolimbikitsa. Imasiyanitsa pakati pa zolimbikitsa zakunja, monga mphotho, mfundo, ndi udindo, ndi oyendetsa mkati monga kudziyimira pawokha, luso, ndi ubale. Mwachidule, ngati "masewera" anu akalimbana ndi zomwe anthu amasamala, pamapeto pake zidzalephera. Zothandizira zomwe zakhalapo ndizomwe zimathandizira zosowa zakuthupi. Kuphunzira chinenero komwe kumakupangitsani kumva kuti ndinu okhoza komanso kusonyeza kupita patsogolo kungagwire ntchito chifukwa kumapangitsa kuti ntchitoyo ikhale yopindulitsa komanso yotheka. Baji yomwe imapezeka kuti isunthe nambala ya dashboard, kumbali ina, imakhala mwachanguphokoso. Phunziro 1: Kuchokera Kukonza Mwamsanga Kufikira Njira Yamakhalidwe Phunziro limodzi lofunika kwambiri lazaka khumi zapitazi ndilakuti kamangidwe kakhalidwe kamakhala kopindulitsa kwambiri pakadutsa njira zokhazikika komanso kukhala njira yadala. Magulu ambiri azinthu amayamba ndi cholinga chochepa: sinthani kuchuluka kwa olembetsa, kuchepetsa kutsika, kapena kulimbikitsa kusunga msanga. Nthawi zambiri UX optimizations plateau, amatembenukira ku psychology kuti akweze mwachangu, nthawi zambiri ndikuchita bwino. Mwayi waukulu kwambiri siwokwezanso pa metric wamakani, koma kukhala ndi njira yolongosoka yomvetsetsa ndikusintha machitidwe pazogulitsa. Kapangidwe kakhalidwe sikukhudza ma hacks.Ndizothandiza anthu kuchita bwino.
Zizindikiro zodziwika bwino ndizosavuta kuzindikira: anthu amalembetsa koma osamaliza kukwera; amangodina kamodzi osabwereranso; Mfundo zazikuluzikulu zimakhala zosagwiritsidwa ntchito. Njira zamakhalidwe sizimangofunsa kuti "Tingasinthe chiyani pazenerali?" Imafunsa zomwe zikuchitika m'malingaliro a wogwiritsa ntchito panthawiyo. Izi zitha kukutsogolerani kuti mupange zokumana nazo zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito chidwi komanso kuwongolera zolinga kuti ziwongolere anthu kuti apambane bwino, m'malo mokhulupirira kuti awerenga dotolo wothandizira. Kapena zingakutsogolereni kupanga zofufuza ndi kudzipereka pakapita nthawi: umboni wokhudzana ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu kumene kuli kofunika, zovuta zoyenera zomwe zimatambasula koma osapitirira malire, kuwululidwa kwapang'onopang'ono kwapamwamba kwambiri kumawonekera pamene anthu ali okonzeka, ndi zoyambitsa zoyenera pa nthawi yabwino kwambiri m'malo momangokhalira kudandaula. Zogulitsa zazikulu sizosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito.N'zosavuta kudzipereka.
Psychology yazinthu zasintha kuchoka ku zongopeka zomwazika kupita ku laibulale yomwe ikukula yamitundu yobwerezabwereza. Mawonekedwe amenewo amangowala akakhala mkati mwachitsanzo chogwirizana: zomwe ogwiritsa ntchito akuyesera kuti akwaniritse, zomwe zimawalepheretsa, ndi zomwe gulu lingakokere pagawo lililonse. Kukwapula kosavuta, kouziridwa ndi Thaler ndi Sunstein, kwathandizira kufalitsa kaganizidwe kakhalidwe pamapangidwe. Koma taphunziranso kuti mikwingwirima yokhayokha sikuthetsa mavuto akuya amakhalidwe. Njira yamakhalidwe imapitilira patsogolo: imaphatikiza machenjerero, kuwayika muzolimbikitsa zenizeni, ndikumangirira zoyeserera ku lingaliro lomveka bwino la kusintha. Cholinga sikupambana kamodzi pa dashboard yamasiku ano, koma njira yogwirira ntchito yomwe imaphatikizana ndi nthawi. Phunziro 2: Zimango za Masewera Pazokha Sizokwanira Makaniko amasewera okha salinso njira yodalirika yamakhalidwe. Zaka khumi zapitazo, kuwonjezera mfundo, mabaji, ndi zikwangwani zinali zachidule za mawu akuti "tikuchita psychology." Masiku ano, magulu ambiri aphunzira movutikira kuti izi ndi zokongoletsera pokhapokha ngati zikuthandizira zosowa zenizeni. Njira yamakhalidwe imayamba ndi funso losamveka bwino: Kodi gawo lamasewera lomwe likugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi chiyani, ndipo la ndani? Kodi zimathandiza anthu kupita patsogolo zomwe zili zofunika kwa iwo, kapena zimangopangitsa kuti dashboard ikhale yosangalatsa? Ngati inyalanyaza zolimbikitsa zamkati, idzawoneka yochenjera pamasinthidwe a slide ndikuwonongeka pakupanga. M'malo mwake, izi zikutanthauza kuti mfundo ndi mikwingwirima sizimatengedwa ngati zowonjezera zokha. Magulu amafunsa ngati makaniko amathandizira ogwiritsa ntchito kumva kuti ali okhoza, olamulira, kapena olumikizidwa ndi ena. Kuthamanga kumamveka bwino ngati kukuwonetsa kupita patsogolo kwenikweni mu luso lomwe wogwiritsa ntchito amasamala nalo. Bolodi yotsogolera imangowonjezera phindu ngati anthu akufuna kudzifanizira okha komanso ngati kusanja kumawathandiza kusankha zoyenera kuchita. Ngati sichingapambane mayeserowo, ndi chisokonezo, osati injini yolimbikitsa. Mitsempha ndi mabaji amangogwira ntchito ngati amathandizira china chake chomwe ogwiritsa ntchito amachikonda.
Zogulitsa zogwira mtima kwambiri tsopano zimayamba ndi mbali yamkati. Amadziwika bwino za zomwe malondawa amathandizira ogwiritsa ntchito kukhala kapena kukwaniritsa, kenako ndikufunsa ngati wokonza masewera angakweze ulendowo. Zinthu zamasewera zikawonjezeredwa, zimakhala pachimake chokhazikika osati pamwamba pake. Amasonyeza luso, amalemba zochitika zazikulu, ndi kulimbikitsa zolinga zodziyendetsa okha. Ndiko kusiyana pakati pa kuchitira gamification ngati ntchito ya utoto ndikuigwiritsa ntchito kuthandizira ogwiritsa ntchito njira yomwe amasamala kale. PHUNZIRO 3: Kuchokera pa Chifukwa Ndi Zotsatira zake Kufikira Kuganiza Kwakachitidwe Kamodzi Mapangidwe okopa oyambilira nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi malingaliro osavuta: pezani sitepe yosweka, onjezani chowongolera choyenera, ndipo ogwiritsa ntchito amapita patsogolo. Zabwino pa slide, sizowona kwenikweni. Anthu samachita chifukwa chimodzi. Ali ndi nkhani, mbiri, zolinga zopikisana, malingaliro, kupanikizika kwa nthawi, nkhani zodalirika, ndi matanthauzo osiyanasiyana a kupambana. Awiri ogwiritsa akhoza kutenga sitepe yomweyo pazifukwa zosiyana kotheratu. Wogwiritsa ntchito yemweyo akhoza kuchita mosiyana pa tsiku losiyana.
Ndicho chifukwa chake kuganiza kwadongosolo kumafunika. Khalidwe limapangidwamwa kubwerezabwereza ndi kuchedwa, osati choyambitsa chimodzi chokha. Zotsatira zomwe timasamala, kudalira, luso, ndi chizolowezi zimakhazikika pakapita nthawi. Kusintha komwe kumakulitsa kutembenuka kwa sabata ino kumatha kufooketsa kusungidwa kwa mwezi wamawa. Ngati mudatumizako "kupambana kutembenuka" ndikuwonera matikiti othandizira, kubweza ndalama, kapena kuchulukira, mwamva izi. Mametric amderali ayenda bwino. Dongosolo linafika poipa. Mapangidwe anu amatha kuloleza anthu kapena kuwalowetsamo. Zosasintha, mayendedwe, ndemanga, kuyenda, mphotho - chilichonse mwachisankhochi chimasinthanso dongosolo komanso maulendo omwe anthu amadutsamo. Chifukwa chake, ntchito sikugwira ntchito limodzi. Ndiko kumanga malo omwe njira zingapo zovomerezeka zitha kuchita bwino, komanso pomwe dongosolo limathandizira zolinga zanthawi yayitali, osati kungodina kwakanthawi kochepa. Ntchitoyi sikuti imangopanga fayilo imodzi, koma kuthandizira njira zingapo zovomerezeka.
A okhwima khalidwe njira ndi momveka bwino za izo. Amapangidwira njira zingapo m'malo mwa "kuyenda mosangalala," amathandizira kudziyimira pawokha m'malo mokakamiza kutsata, ndikuyang'ana zotsatira zakutsika m'malo mongotembenuka koyamba. Phunziro 4: Kuchokera Zoyambitsa Kufikira Pankhani Kusintha komweku kwachitika m'makonzedwe omwe timagwiritsa ntchito. Zaka khumi zapitazo, Fogg Behavior Model (FBM) inali paliponse. Zinapatsa magulu atatu osavuta: chilimbikitso, kuthekera, choyambitsa - komanso uthenga womveka bwino: kufuula mokweza kwambiri sikukonza chidwi chochepa kapena kusachita bwino. Kumeneko kokha kunali kukweza kothandiza. Ntchito ya Fogg yapita patsogolo, nayonso. Ndi Zizoloŵezi Zazing'onozing'ono, kuyang'ana kumatsamira kwambiri pakudziwika, kutengeka, ndi kupanga makhalidwe kukhala osavuta komanso opindulitsa. Izi zikuwonetsa kusintha kwakukulu m'munda: kutali ndi "zambiri zamoto" komanso kupanga malo omwe khalidwe labwino limamveka lachilengedwe. Matimu pamapeto pake adathamangira kukhoma lomwelo: zolimbikitsa sizikonza kutsika kapena mwayi wosowa. Simungathe kukakamiza anthu ku luso lomwe alibe kapena m'malo omwe kulibe. Apa ndipamene magulu ambiri omwe amagwira ntchito mozama ndi kusintha kwamakhalidwe adakokera ku COM-B ngati maziko athunthu.
COM-B imaphwanya khalidwe kukhala luso, mwayi, ndi chilimbikitso. Zimayamba ndikuyang'ana mosabisa: kodi anthu angathedi kuchita izi, ndipo kodi malo awo amawalola? Izi zikugwirizana bwino ndi zinthu zamakono, momwe machitidwe amachitikira pazida, matchanelo, ndi mphindi, osati pa sikirini imodzi. Imalumikizanso ntchito yosintha machitidwe pazaumoyo ndi mfundo za anthu, chifukwa chake sitiyenera kukonzanso chilichonse mkati mwa UX. Kuganiza motere kumachotsa magulu ku nkhani zosavuta zoyambitsa ndi zotsatira zake. Kutsika pakumaliza sikulinso "batani ndiloipa" kapena "tikufunika zikumbutso zambiri," koma funso lokhudza momwe luso, nkhani, ndi zolimbikitsa zimayendera. Vuto la kuthekera lingafunike mawonekedwe abwinoko komanso maphunziro abwinoko. Vuto likhoza kukhala lokhudzana ndi kupezeka kwa zida, nthawi, kapena malo ochezera, osati masanjidwe. Chilimbikitso chikhoza kupangidwa ndi mitengo komanso kudalirika kwamtundu monga ndi uthenga uliwonse wamalonda. Kapangidwe kakakhalidwe kamakono sikungokhudza kuyambitsa kudina komanso zambiri zakusintha momwe zochita zimamveka zosavuta komanso zomveka.
Lens yotakata iyi imapangitsanso kuti magwiridwe antchito azikhala osavuta. Zogulitsa, kapangidwe, kutsatsa, ndi data zitha kugawana machitidwe amodzi ndikuwonabe udindo wawo momwemo. Opanga amapanga kuthekera kozindikirika ndi mwayi pamawonekedwe, kutsatsa kumapangidwe kolimbikitsa ndi zoyambitsa, ndipo magwiridwe antchito amawongolera mwayi wamakonzedwe muutumiki. M'malo moti aliyense azikankhira ma levers ake pawokha, COM-B imathandiza magulu kuwona kuti akugwira ntchito m'magawo osiyanasiyana adongosolo limodzi. Phunziro 5: Psychology Itha Kugwiritsidwanso Ntchito Kupanga Ndi Kuzindikira Kupeza COM-B nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mlatho pakati pa kupeza ndi malingaliro. Kumbali yotulukira, imapereka dongosolo la kafukufuku. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito kupanga maupangiri oyankhulana, kuwerenga ma analytics, ndikumvetsetsa maphunziro owunikira. Idapangidwa kuti izindikire zomwe zikuyenera kusintha kuti machitidwe asunthike, omwe amawonetsa bwino zomwe zidapezeka kale. Kupeza bwino sikumangofunsa zomwe ogwiritsa ntchito akunena, koma kumawunikira zomwe machitidwe awo amawulula.
M'malo mofunsa kuti "Chifukwa chiyani mwasiya kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa?" ndikulemba yankho loyamba, mumadutsa mwadala kupyola luso, mwayi, ndi chilimbikitso. Mumafunsa zinthu ngati:
Kodi ogwiritsa ntchito angathe kuchita izi, poganizira luso lawo ndi chidziwitso? Kodi nkhani zawo zimawathandiza kapena kuwalepheretsa kuchita? Kodi chisonkhezero chawo n’champhamvu chotani poyerekeza ndi zofuna zina panthaŵi ndi ndalama zawo?
Inuyendani mwatsatanetsatane zomwe zachitika posachedwa: chida chomwe adagwiritsa ntchito, nthawi yanji ya tsikulo, ndani analipo, ndi zinanso ziti zomwe anali kuchita. Mumakamba za kufunika kwa khalidweli poyerekeza ndi china chirichonse m'moyo wawo ndi zomwe amapanga. Kwa omwe akutenga nawo mbali, mafunsowa amamveka ngati achilengedwe. Pansi pa hood, mukuphimba mbali zonse zitatu za COM-B, mogwirizana ndi momwe osintha khalidwe amagwiritsira ntchito chitsanzocho pa ntchito yabwino. Mukhoza kuyang'ana deta zamakhalidwe mofanana. Kutsika kwa ma fanu, nthawi yogwira ntchito, ndikudina ndizizindikiro: kodi anthu amakakamira chifukwa sangathe kupita patsogolo, chifukwa chilengedwe chimalowa m'njira, kapena sasamala kuti apitirize? Zida zamakono za analytics zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuyang'ana zomwe anthu amachita m'malo momangonena zomwe amafotokoza, ndipo kuphatikiza deta yochuluka ndi yabwino kumakupatsani chithunzi chokwanira kuposa nokha. Pakakhala kusiyana pakati pa zomwe anthu amanena ndi zomwe amachita, mumaziona ngati chizindikiro osati chokhumudwitsa. Wina anganene kuti kusunga ndalama zopuma pantchito ndikofunikira kwambiri, koma osakhazikitsa kusamutsidwa kobwerezabwereza. Wogwiritsa atha kunena kuti kukwera kunali kosavuta, pomwe gawo lawo likuwonetsa mobwerezabwereza pakati pa masitepe. Nthawi zambiri kusagwirizanaku ndiko komwe kumakhala kukondera, zizolowezi, ndi zopinga zamalingaliro. Powalemba molingana ndi kuthekera, mwayi, ndi chilimbikitso, ndikuwalumikiza ku zopinga zinazake monga kudana ndi chiwopsezo, kulumala kusanthula, kukondera komwe kulipo kapena kukondera komwe kulipo, mumachoka pa "zidziwitso" zosamveka kupita ku mapu opangidwa ndi zomwe zili m'njira. Kusiyana pakati pa zomwe anthu amanena ndi zomwe amachita si phokoso - ndi mapu.
Zotsatira za kupezedwa kwamtunduwu sizongokhala anthu komanso maulendo. Mumapezanso mawu omveka bwino a khalidwe lamakono, khalidwe lachindunji, ndi zolepheretsa khalidwe ndi zothandizira zomwe zimakhala pakati pawo. PHUNZIRO 6: Gwiritsirani Ntchito Kuzindikira Makhalidwe Pamalingaliro Anu Mlatho kuchokera pakuzindikira kupita ku lingaliro ukhoza kukhala chiganizo chimodzi chokha: Kuchokera pamachitidwe apano mpaka kumachitidwe omwe mukufuna, pochita X, chifukwa cha chotchinga Y.
Izi "kuyambira------------chifukwa-) zimakakamiza magulu kuti anene zomwe amakhulupirira. Simumangonena kuti "onjezani mndandanda." Mukunena kuti: "Tikukhulupirira kuti mndandanda uthandiza ogwiritsa ntchito atsopano kumva kuti ali ndi luso, zomwe ziwonjezera mwayi woti amalize kukhazikitsa gawo lawo loyamba." Tsopano ndi malingaliro akhalidwe omwe mungayesere ndi zoyeserera, osati lingaliro lopanga lomwe mukuyembekezera. Kuchokera pamenepo, mutha kupanga mitundu ingapo yomwe imawonetsa mfundo yomweyi m'njira zosiyanasiyana ndikuyesa kupanga kozungulira iwo. Mutha kuyesa mauthenga angapo omwe onse amatsamira pakutaya mtima, kapena njira zingapo zochepetsera kugundana kwakukulu, kapena maumboni osiyanasiyana omwe amasiyanasiyana malinga ndi kuyandikira. Kusintha kofunikira ndikuti simukuponyanso malingaliro pakhoma. Mukuyang'ana dala za kuthekera, mwayi, kapena zolimbikitsa zomwe mwapeza, ndikuyesa zomwe zimagwira ntchito m'mawu anu. Lingaliro lirilonse liyenera kuyankha funso limodzi: ndi chotchinga chiti chomwe tikuyesera kusintha?
M'kupita kwa nthawi, kuzungulira kumeneku pakati pa kupezedwa kwamakhalidwe ndi malingaliro kumasanduka buku lamasewera lapafupi. Mumaphunzira kuti pazogulitsa zanu, mfundo zina zimathandiza ogwiritsa ntchito anu ndipo zina kugwa. Mumaphunziranso kuti machitidwe ochokera kumaphunziro owoneka bwino samasuntha okha. Ngakhale kafukufuku wamasewera ndi kusintha kwamakhalidwe nthawi zambiri amagogomezera zochitika zenizeni, zongogwiritsa ntchito ogwiritsa ntchito osati maphikidwe anthawi zonse. Kugwiritsa ntchito kawiri uku kwa psychology pakupeza ndi malingaliro ndi chimodzi mwazosintha zazikulu zazaka khumi zapitazi. Anthu atatu amalonda atha kuyang'ana potsikira ndikufunsa limodzi, "Kodi uku ndi kuthekera, mwayi, kapena nkhani yolimbikitsa?" Kenako amapanga malingaliro omwe amayang'ana gawolo la dongosolo m'malo mongopeka. Chilankhulo chogawana chomwe chimapangitsa kuti kachitidwe kachitidwe kasakhale kowonjezera kwa akatswiri komanso kukhala njira yabwinoko kwa magulu omwe amagwira ntchito mosiyanasiyana kulingalira za ntchito yawo. Zaka khumi Pambuyo pake: Zomwe Zatsimikizira Kuti Zikugwira Ntchito Ngati zaka khumi zoyambirira za mapangidwe okopa zidatiphunzitsa kalikonse, ndikuti kuzindikira kwamakhalidwe ndikotsika mtengo mpaka gulu litha kuchitapo kanthu limodzi. Njira zofunika. M'kupita kwa nthawi, kagulu kakang'ono ka zokambirana zakhala zikuthandizira magulu ogulitsa nthawi zonse kuvumbulutsa zopinga zamakhalidwe, kugwirizanitsa mwayi, ndikupanga mayankho ozikidwa mu psychology yeniyeni m'malo mwa mawonekedwe apamwamba. Momwe kamangidwe kakhalidwe kakula kuchoka pamalingaliro anzeru kukhala njira yaukadaulo,funso lodziwikiratu likungobwerabe: Kodi magulu amachitira bwanji ntchitoyi limodzi? Kodi oyang'anira zinthu, opanga, ochita kafukufuku, ndi mainjiniya amachoka bwanji kuchokera m'malo opezeka anthu ambiri ("anthu akuwoneka osokonezeka pano") kupita ku chidziwitso chogawana zamakhalidwe, kenako kupita ku malingaliro omwe akuwonetsa zomwe zikuwonetsa kuthekera, mwayi, ndi chilimbikitso? Njira imodzi yothandiza yopangira konkriti iyi ndikugwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe a msonkhano. Cholinga ndikuthandiza matimu:
Kutanthauzira kafukufuku pogwiritsa ntchito lens yamakhalidwe, Kuthekera kwapamwamba, mwayi, ndi mipata yolimbikitsa, Kuyika patsogolo mwayi wokhoza kwambiri, ndi Perekani malingaliro omwe ali abwino m'maganizo komanso mwamakhalidwe abwino.
Zogulitsa zenizeni ndizosokoneza komanso zodzaza ndi mayankho; palibe amene amatsatira ndondomeko yoyenera ya sitepe ndi sitepe. Koma pophunzira, makamaka poyambitsa kachitidwe kakhalidwe mu gulu kwa nthawi yoyamba, masewero olimbitsa thupi amapatsa anthu chitsanzo chamalingaliro. Imawonetsa ulendo woyambira kuzindikira koyambirira mpaka kumveka bwino kwamakhalidwe, kuchokera pamipata kupita kumalingaliro, ndipo pamapeto pake kupita kuzinthu zomwe zayesedwa kupsinjika kudzera m'mawonekedwe abwino. Zochita pansipa ndi njira imodzi yotere. Lamuloli ndi mwadala: sitepe iliyonse imamanga pamlendo kuti achoke pachifundo ndi kuzindikira kupita ku mwayi wotsogola, malingaliro okhazikika, ndi mayankho odalirika. Palibe gulu lomwe lingatsatire zilembo zabwino nthawi zonse, koma zimawonetsa momwe ntchito yopangira machitidwe imachitikira zikayenda bwino. Musanalowe mwatsatanetsatane, nayi njira yonse komanso momwe zolimbitsa thupi zilizonse zimathandizire pakupanga kachitidwe kokulirapo:
Kupanga Chifundo kwa Kachitidwe Kumangirira kumvetsetsa komwe kumakhudza malingaliro a wogwiritsa ntchito: malingaliro, zizolowezi, malingaliro olakwika, ndi magwero a mikangano. Behavioral Journey MappingMaps mayendedwe a wogwiritsa ntchito pakapita nthawi, ndikukuta zoyambitsa zamakhalidwe ndi zopinga. Behavior Scoring Imayika patsogolo mwayi wamakhalidwe omwe muyenera kuthana nawo potengera zomwe zikuchitika, kuthekera, ndi umboni. Malingaliro Choyamba, Mapangidwe Pambuyo Amalimbikitsa malingaliro-woyamba, kenako amagwiritsa ntchito njira zokopa kuti ayeretse ndi kulimbikitsa malingaliro olonjeza. Zowona Zamdima Zimawunika zoopsa zamakhalidwe, zotsatira zosayembekezereka, ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika.
Chidziwitso pa nthawi: Pochita izi, kutsatizanaku kumatha kuyendetsedwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana kutengera zopinga. Kuti mukhale ndi mawonekedwe ang'onoang'ono, magulu nthawi zambiri amayendetsa masewero olimbitsa thupi 1-3 mu maphunziro a theka la tsiku, ndi masewero a 4-5 mu gawo lachiwiri la tsiku. Ndi nthawi yochulukirapo, ntchitoyo imatha kufalikira kwa sabata lathunthu: kaphatikizidwe kotulukira koyambirira kwa sabata, kuika patsogolo pakati pa sabata, ndi malingaliro ophatikizana ndi kuwunika koyenera kumapeto. Kapangidwe kake ndi kofunikira kuposa ndandanda; cholinga chake ndikuteteza kupititsa patsogolo kumvetsetsa → kuika patsogolo → malingaliro → kulingalira. M'munsimu ndikufotokozera mwachidule za zochitika zonse monga momwe ndimakhalira ndikuwatsogolera m'misonkhano pamodzi ndi laibulale ya machitidwe okopa. Khwerero 1: Kujambula Makhalidwe Achifundo Gawo loyamba ndikumanga kugawana, kumvetsetsa kwamaganizidwe a ogwiritsa ntchito. Mapu a Chisoni pa Khalidwe amakulitsa mapu achifundo achikhalidwe posamalira zomwe ogwiritsa ntchito amayesa, kupewa, kuchedwetsa, kusamvetsetsa, kapena kusatsimikizika. Zizindikiro zobisika izi nthawi zambiri zimawonetsa zambiri kuposa zomwe zanenedwa kapena zowawa. Cholinga: Kumvetsetsa zomwe zimayendetsa kapena kutsekereza zomwe mukufuna kuchita pojambula zomwe ogwiritsa ntchito amaganiza, kumva, kunena, ndikuchita - ndikuwona zolepheretsa ndi zothandizira. Masitepe:
Pa bolodi loyera kapena pepala lalikulu, jambulani mapu achifundo: Kuganiza & Kumverera, Kuwona, Kunena & Kuchita, ndi Kumva.
Onjezani zidziwitso za kafukufuku polola aliyense kuti awonjezere mwakachetechete zolemba zomata kuchokera ku zoyankhulana, deta, zipika zothandizira, kapena zowonera mu quadrants. Kuzindikira kumodzi pacholemba. Dziwani zolepheretsa ndi zothandizira.Zolemba zamagulu zomwe zimapangitsa khalidwe kukhala lolimba (zolepheretsa) kapena zosavuta (zothandizira).
Zotulutsa: Mapu olunjika amphamvu zamaganizidwe ndi zochitika zomwe zimapanga zomwe mukufuna kuchita, zokonzeka kulowa mu Mapu a Maulendo a Makhalidwe. Khwerero 2: Kujambula Maulendo Otsatira Mukamvetsetsa malingaliro a wogwiritsa ntchito ndi nkhani yake, chotsatira ndikujambula momwe mphamvuzo zimakhalira nthawi zonse. Mapu a Ulendo Wamakhalidwe amaphimba zolinga za wogwiritsa ntchito, zochita, malingaliro, ndi chilengedwe paulendo wamalonda, ndikuwunikira nthawi zomwe khalidwe limakonda kuima kapena kusuntha. Mosiyana ndi mamapu apaulendo akale, mawonekedwe amachitidwe amangoyang'ana pomwe kuthekera kumasokonekera, komwe chilengedwe chimagwira ntchito motsutsana ndi wogwiritsa ntchito, komanso pomwe zolimbikitsa zimazimiririka kapena mikangano.kuwuka. Izi zimakhala zizindikiro zoyambirira za kumene kusintha kukufunika komanso kotheka. Zotulutsa zikuwonetsa gulu ndendende komwe malonda akufunsa mochulukira, pomwe ogwiritsa ntchito alibe chithandizo, kapena pomwe chilimbikitso chowonjezera kapena kumveka bwino kungafunike. Cholinga: Lembani masitepe kuyambira pomwe wogwiritsa ntchito ayambira kupita ku zomwe akufuna, ndipo jambulani zoyambitsa ndi zotchinga panjira. Masitepe:
Jambulani mzere wopingasa kuchokera ku A (poyambira) kupita ku B (khalidwe lomwe mukufuna).
Aliyense alembe njira zomwe wogwiritsa ntchito amatenga kuchokera ku A mpaka B pa manotsi omata (chimodzi pa noti iliyonse). Phatikizani zochita mkati ndi kunja kwa mankhwalawa. Ikani zolembazo motsatira mzere. Phatikizani zobwerezedwa ndikugwirizanitsa mndandanda wogawana. Wonjezerani mizere yoyima ndi mizere iwiri: Zothandizira (zomwe zingathandize ogwiritsa ntchito kupita patsogolo), Zolepheretsa (zomwe zingachedwetse kapena kuyimitsa ogwiritsa ntchito).
Yang'anani masitepe okhala ndi zotchinga zambiri kapena zowonjezera zochepa. Izi ndizomwe zimayambitsa matenda. Onetsani masitepe omwe kugwedeza kwabwino kungathandize ogwiritsa ntchito kumaliza ulendo.
Zotulutsa: Ulendo womveka bwino, wokhazikika pamakhalidwe owonetsa komwe ogwiritsa ntchito amavutikira, chifukwa chiyani, komanso ndi nthawi ziti zomwe zimapereka mwayi wosintha. Ntchito 3: Kugoletsa Makhalidwe Ndi chithunzi chomveka bwino chaulendo wogwiritsa ntchito komanso nthawi zomwe zingapindule ndi dzanja lothandizira pamakhalidwe, ndinu okonzeka kuzindikira zomwe zimamveka kuti muyang'ane pakuyesa kukopa. Cholinga: Sankhani makhalidwe omwe mungakhale nawo omwe muyenera kuyang'ana poyamba, kutengera mphamvu, kusintha kosavuta, ndi kuyeza mosavuta. Masitepe:
Tchulani makhalidwe omwe angafunike. Kutengera zomwe zatuluka mu Mapu a Mayendedwe a Makhalidwe, tchulani machitidwe omwe atha kulunjika. Khalidwe limodzi pa cholemba chomata. Khalani konkriti momwe mungathere (zomwe ogwiritsa ntchito amachita, kuti, ndi liti). Pangani tebulo lomwe lili ndi zigawo zotsatirazi:Kusintha kwa khalidwe (kuchuluka kwa momwe kungasunthire cholinga),Kusintha mosavuta (momwe kuli kotheka kukhudza),Kuyesa kosavuta (momwe kuli kolunjika).
Makhalidwe omwe angakhalepo Kusintha kwa khalidwe Zosavuta kusintha Kusavuta kuyeza Zonse … … …
Lowetsani zomwe zalembedwa patebulo ndikuzilemba kuyambira 0 mpaka 10 pagawo lililonse. Sanjani machitidwe ndi zigoli zonse ndikukambirana omwe apeza zigoli kwambiri: Kodi ndi zomveka poganizira zomwe mukudziwa za ogwiritsa ntchito ndi zopinga? Sankhani zomwe mukufuna kuchita zomwe mukufuna kuchita muzochita zotsatirazi. Mwachidziwitso, zindikirani "makhalidwe a bonasi" omwe angatsatire ngati zotsatira zake.
Zotulukapo: Kagulu kakang'ono ka makhalidwe omwe amaika patsogolo omwe ali ndi zifukwa zomveka bwino za chifukwa chake ali ofunika panopa, ndi mndandanda wa makhalidwe omwe sali ofunika kwambiri omwe mungawawonenso pambuyo pake. Gome lodzaza la Behavior Scoring litha kuwoneka motere:
Makhalidwe omwe angakhalepo Kusintha kwa khalidwe Zosavuta kusintha Kusavuta kuyeza Zonse Wogwiritsa ntchito amamaliza mndandanda wazomwe zikuchitika mu gawo loyamba. 8 6 9 23 Wogwiritsa aitana mnzake osachepera m'modzi mkati mwa masiku 7. 9 4 8 21 Wogwiritsa amawonera kanema wazamalonda wathunthu. 4 7 6 17 Wogwiritsa amawerenga zolembedwa zothandizira paulendo. 3 5 4 12
Pachifukwa ichi, kumalizidwa kwa mndandanda kumawonekera ngati koyambirira kolimba kwambiri: kumakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri, kumakhudzidwa kwenikweni ndi kusintha kwapangidwe, ndipo kungayesedwe modalirika. Kuitana mnzanu kungakhale kofunika kwambiri, koma kungafunike kusintha kwakukulu kuposa mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yachiwiri. Ntchito 4: Mfundo Choyamba, Zitsanzo Pambuyo pake Gululo likangovomereza kuti ndi khalidwe liti lomwe limafunikira kwambiri, chiopsezo chotsatira ndikudumpha mwachangu kupita kumalingaliro odziwika bwino. Chimodzi mwa maphunziro omveka bwino chinali chakuti kuyambira ndi "chitsanzo" nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa mayankho omveka bwino omwe amamva ngati anzeru koma amalephera muzochitika. Ntchitoyi imalekanitsa dala kupanga malingaliro ndi kupanga malingaliro. Cholinga: Pangani mayankho okhazikika pakugwiritsa ntchito kaye, kenako gwiritsani ntchito mfundo zamaganizidwe kuti muwanole ndi kuwalimbitsa. Masitepe:
Yambani ndikubwerezanso zomwe mukufuna kuchita ndi zotchinga zazikulu zomwe zadziwika panthawiyoulendo mapu. Izi ziwonekere muzochita zonse. Kenako perekani zenera laling'ono, lolunjika kwa gulu (mphindi 10-15) Lamulo ili ndi losavuta: osatchula zitsanzo zamakhalidwe, malingaliro amalingaliro, kapena machitidwe okopa. Malingaliro ayenera kubwera mwachindunji kuchokera kuzomwe ogwiritsa ntchito, zopinga, ndi mphindi zomwe zidavumbulutsidwa kale. Sonkhanitsani malingaliro pamalo amodzi ndikugawana mfundo zofanana. Yang'anani njira zingapo zothanirana ndi vuto lomwelo (kuwaphatikiza pamodzi). Pokhapokha mumayambitsa laibulale yamalingaliro ndi njira zamaganizidwe. Ndinapanga njira zokopa za cholinga chenichenicho. Cholinga cha sitepe iyi sikusintha malingaliro, koma kuwakonza:
Ndi malingaliro ati omwe angalimbitsidwe pochepetsa kukangana? Ndi ziti zomwe zingapindule ndi mayankho omveka bwino, zidziwitso zamagulu, kapena nthawi yabwinoko? Kodi pali njira zina zopezera zotsatira zomwezo mwaulemu kapena momveka bwino? Zitsanzo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati magalasi, osati zolemba. Ngati chitsanzo sichikumveka bwino, chothandizira, kapena chothandiza pankhaniyi, chimangonyalanyazidwa.
Zotulutsa: Gulu lamalingaliro owongolera omwe amakhazikika pazomwe akugwiritsa ntchito ndipo amathandizidwa, ngati kuli koyenera, ndi mfundo zamakhalidwe m'malo moyendetsedwa ndi iwo. Kutsatizana kumeneku kumathandiza magulu kuti apewe "mapangidwe oyamba," pomwe malingaliro amasinthidwa kuti agwirizane ndi nthanthi m'malo molimbana ndi zochitika zenizeni za anthu. Ntchito 5: Zowona Zamdima Malingaliro asanasanduke zoyeserera kapena zotumizidwa, amafunikira mayeso amodzi omaliza. Osati kutheka kapena ma metrics, koma zamakhalidwe. Kwa zaka zambiri, sitepe iyi yakhala yovuta kwambiri. Mayankho ambiri okopa amangowonetsa zovuta zawo mukaganiza kuti akugwira ntchito bwino kwambiri, kapena akugwiritsidwa ntchito m'manja olakwika, kapena kugwiritsidwa ntchito tsiku lolakwika ndi munthu wolakwika. Cholinga: Kuwona zoopsa pamakhalidwe, zotsatira zosayembekezereka, ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika musanagwiritse ntchito. Masitepe:
Tengani lingaliro limodzi kapena awiri amphamvu kwambiri kuchokera muzochita zam'mbuyomu. Ingoganizirani zochitika zoyipa kwambiri pofunsa gulu kuti lisinthe mwadala: Bwanji ngati wopikisana naye atagwiritsa ntchito izi motsutsana nafe? Nanga bwanji ngati izi zikugwedeza ogwiritsa ntchito akakhala otopa, otopa, kapena osatetezeka? Nanga bwanji ngati izi zikugwira ntchito mobwerezabwereza kwa miyezi, osati kamodzi? Kodi izi zingayambitse kukakamizidwa, kudziimba mlandu, kapena kudalira?
Gwirani nkhawa za kudziyimira pawokha, kukhulupirirana, chilungamo, kuphatikizidwa, kapena kukhala ndi moyo wabwino kwanthawi yayitali. Pachiwopsezo chilichonse, fufuzani njira zochepetsera kapena kuthana ndi zotsatira zake: Cholinga chomveka kapena kuwonekera, Nthawi yocheperako kapena yocheperako, Zotuluka mwachidziwitso, Njira zina zoyambira.
Malingaliro ena amasinthidwanso. Zina zimayimitsidwa. Zina zimapulumuka, koma tsopano ndi chidaliro chokulirapo.
Zotulukapo: Zothetsera zomwe zayesedwa mwachilungamo, zowopsa zodziwika zomwe zimavomerezedwa ndi kuchepetsedwa m'malo monyalanyazidwa. Kupanga Mawu Ogawana Pazinthu Zamaganizo Magulu omwe amapindula kwambiri ndi kapangidwe kakhalidwe kaŵirikaŵiri sakhala ndi “katswiri wa zamaganizo” m’modzi. M'malo mwake, gulu lawo limagawana mawu ozungulira malingaliro azinthu ndipo amadziwa momwe angalankhulire mozungulira vuto lamakasitomala. Mawu ogawana amasintha psychology kukhala ntchito yosiyana.
Pamene ndondomeko ndi mfundo zimagawidwa:
Zogulitsa, kapangidwe kake, uinjiniya, ndi kutsatsa zitha kuyankhula zamakhalidwe osalankhulana. Kuzindikira zowunikira ndikosavuta kutanthauzira chifukwa zotchinga zomwe wamba ndi madalaivala ali ndi mayina. Malingaliro atha kupangidwa ngati zongopeka zamakhalidwe ("tikhulupirira kuti izi zidzakulitsa luso loyambirira ...") m'malo mongopeka.
Kutolera kwa Persuasive Patterns kunakula kuchokera pakufunika uku: kupatsa magulu chilankhulo chodziwika bwino komanso zitsanzo zenizeni zolozera. Kaya amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati sikelo yosindikizidwa mu msonkhano kapena ngati maumboni ataliatali pa ntchito ya tsiku ndi tsiku, cholinga chake ndi chimodzimodzi: kupanga psychology yazinthu zomwe gulu lonse lingathe kuwona ndikukambirana. Mapangidwe okopa nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ngati thumba la zidule. Masiku ano, ntchitoyo ikuwoneka mosiyana:
Zomangira zamasewera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthandizira chilimbikitso chamkati, osati kuyendetsa zachabechabe. Zomangamanga monga COM-B ndi kaganizidwe kachitidwe zimathandiza magulu kuti aziwona zomwe zikuchitika, osati ngati choyambitsa chimodzi. Kuzindikira kwamakhalidwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga zodziwikiratu ndi malingaliro, osati kungosintha kwakanthawi komaliza. Ethics ndi gawo lachidule cha kapangidwe kake, osati kungoganizira.
Chotsatira sichikhala chapamwamba kwambiri. Ndizochitika mwadongosolo: njira zosavuta, chilankhulo chogawana, komanso chizolowezi chofunsa kuti "Kodi kwenikweni chikuchitika ndi chiyani m'miyoyo ya ogwiritsa ntchito pano?" Ngati mutayamba kuyang'ana kwambiri vuto limodzi la khalidwe, gwiritsani ntchito masewera angapo omwe ali m'nkhaniyi.ndipo perekani gulu lanu machitidwe omwe amagawana nawo, mukuchita kale zokopa monga momwe zakhalira zaka khumi zapitazi: zokhazikika muumboni, zolemekeza ogwiritsa ntchito, komanso zolunjika pazotsatira zomwe zili zofunika mbali zonse za chinsalu.
