Mayeso a Completely Automated Public Turing to tell Computers and Humans Apart (CAPTCHA) akhazikika pakusakatula pa intaneti kuyambira pomwe makompyuta adakula kwambiri pamsika wamagetsi ogula. Pafupifupi nthawi yonse yomwe anthu akhala akuyenda pa intaneti, opanga mawebusayiti afunafuna njira zoletsa ma spam bots. Ntchito ya CAPTCHA imasiyanitsa pakati pa zochita za anthu ndi bot kuti mabotolo asalowe. Tsoka ilo, njira zake sizolondola. Poyesa kuteteza anthu, opanga mawebusayiti apangitsa kuti maukonde ambiri asafike kwa anthu olumala.
Njira zotsimikizira, monga CAPTCHA, nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito magulu azithunzi, zododometsa, zitsanzo zamawu, kapena kuyesa potsata kudina kuti zitsimikizire ngati wogwiritsa ntchitoyo ndi munthu. Ngakhale mitundu yamavuto idalembedwa bwino, malingaliro awo sizodziwika kwa anthu. Anthu amatha kungoganiza zomwe zimatengera "kutsimikizira" kuti ndi anthu.
Kodi CAPTCHA ndi chiyani? A CAPTCHA ndi mayeso obwereza a Turing omwe amatenga mawonekedwe a mayeso oyankha zovuta. Mwachitsanzo, ngati imalangiza ogwiritsa ntchito "kusankha zithunzi zonse zokhala ndi masitepe," ayenera kusankha masitepe kuchokera ku njanji, njira zodutsamo, ndi zodutsamo. Kapenanso, atha kufunsidwa kuti alembe zomwe akuwona, kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa nkhope za dayisi, kapena kumaliza chithunzi chotsetsereka. Ma CAPTCHA otengera zithunzi ali ndi udindo pazokhumudwitsa zomwe ogwiritsa ntchito intaneti ali nazo - kusankha kusankha lalikulu pomwe pali kagawo kakang'ono ka chinthu chomwe chikufunsidwacho.
Mosasamala kanthu za njira, kompyuta kapena algorithm pamapeto pake imatsimikizira ngati woyesayo ndi munthu kapena makina. Ntchito yotsimikizirayi yatulutsa masamba ambiri, kuphatikiza reCAPTCHA ndi hCAPTCHA. Zapangitsa kuti pakhale makampani onse, monga GeeTest ndi Arkose Labs. Makina opangidwa ndi Google a reCAPTCHA amafuna kuti ogwiritsa ntchito adina bokosi lolembedwa kuti "Sindine loboti" kuti atsimikizire. Imayendetsa kusanthula kosinthika kumbuyo kuti ipereke chiwopsezo. hCAPTCHA ndi njira ina yotengera zithunzi. Njira zina zotsimikizira ndi monga multi-factor authentication (MFA), QR codes, temporary personal identification numbers (PINs), ndi biometrics. Satsatira njira yoyankhira zovuta, koma amakwaniritsa zolinga zofanana. Mphukira izi zimapangidwira kuti zikhale bwino kuposa zoyambirira, koma nthawi zambiri zimalephera kukwaniritsa miyezo yamakono yofikirako. Tengani hCaptcha, mwachitsanzo, yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito cookie kukulolani kuti mulambalale mayeso oyankha zovuta. Ndilo lingaliro labwino m'malingaliro, koma silimagwira ntchito. Muyenera kulandira nambala yanthawi imodzi kudzera pa imelo yomwe mumatumiza ku nambala inayake kudzera pa SMS. Ogwiritsa amafotokoza kuti alandila mauthenga olakwika osatha, kuwakakamiza kuti amalize zolemba za CAPTCHA. Izi zimapezeka pokhapokha ngati tsambalo lidazithandizira panthawi yokonzekera. Ngati sichinakhazikitsidwe, muyenera kumaliza zovuta zazithunzi zomwe sizizindikira owerenga zenera. Ngakhale njira yoyamba ikagwira ntchito, kutsimikizika kotsatira kumadalira cookie yapagawo lachitatu, yomwe asakatuli ambiri amangodziletsa. Komanso, code imathera pakapita nthawi yochepa, kotero muyenera kubwereza ndondomeko yonse ngati kukutengerani nthawi yaitali kuti mupite ku sitepe yotsatira. Chifukwa Chiyani Magulu Amagwiritsa Ntchito CAPTCHA Ndi Njira Zofananira Zotsimikizira? CAPTCHA ndiyofala chifukwa ndiyosavuta kukhazikitsa. Madivelopa amatha kuyikonza kuti iwonekere, ndipo imayesa yokhayokha. Mwanjira imeneyi, amatha kuyang'ana kwambiri zinthu zofunika kwambiri kwinaku akupewa ma spam, chinyengo komanso nkhanza. Zida zimenezi zikuyenera kupangitsa kuti anthu azitha kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti mosavutikira, koma nthawi zambiri zimalepheretsa anthu enieni kuti asalowemo. Mayesowa amapangitsa kuti ogwiritsa ntchito asamve bwino. Kafukufuku wina adapeza kuti ogwiritsa ntchito adawononga maola opitilira 819 miliyoni pa magawo opitilira 512 biliyoni a reCAPTCHA v2 kuyambira 2023. Ngakhale zili choncho, mabotolo amapambana. Mitundu yophunzirira pamakina imatha kuthana ndi CAPTCHA yotengera malemba m'tigawo ting'onoting'ono ta sekondi imodzi ndi kulondola kwa 97%. Kafukufuku wa 2024 pa Google's reCAPTCHA v2 - yomwe ikugwiritsidwabe ntchito kwambiri ngakhale kuti reCAPTCHA v3 yatulutsidwa - adapeza kuti bots imatha kuthetsa m'gulu la zithunzi CAPTCHA molondola mpaka 100%, kutengera chinthu chomwe apatsidwa kuti adziwe. Ofufuzawa adagwiritsa ntchito njira yaulere, yotseguka, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ochita zoyipa amatha kubwereza ntchito zawo mosavuta. Chifukwa Chiyani Opanga Mawebusayiti Ayenera Kusiya Kugwiritsa Ntchito CAPTCHA? Njira zotsimikizira ngati CAPTCHA zili ndi vuto lofikira. Kupita patsogolo kwa kuphunzira pamakina kunapangitsa kuti mautumikiwa azikula kwambiri. Ngakhale akadali, iwo sali opusa. Mabotolo amapezandi zolondola kuposa momwe anthu amachitira. Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti amatha kumaliza reCAPTCHA mkati mwa masekondi 17.5, ndikukwaniritsa kulondola kwa 85%. Anthu amatenga nthawi yayitali ndipo sakhala olondola. Anthu ambiri amalephera mayeso a CAPTCHA ndipo sadziwa chomwe adalakwitsa. Mwachitsanzo, mwamsanga kulangiza ogwiritsa ntchito "kusankha mabwalo onse okhala ndi magetsi apamsewu" kumawoneka kosavuta, koma zimakhala zovuta ngati mtengo wamtengowo uli pamalo ena. Kodi asankhe bokosilo, kapena ndizomwe algorithm ingachite? Ngakhale kuti luso la bot lakula mokulira, anthu akhalabe ofanana. Mayeso akamavuta pang'onopang'ono, amamva kuti safuna kuwayesa. Kafukufuku wina akuwonetsa kuti pafupifupi 59% ya anthu amasiya kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala pambuyo pokumana ndi zovuta zingapo. Ngati kutsimikizika kuli kovuta kwambiri kapena kovuta, atha kusiya kugwiritsa ntchito tsambalo kwathunthu. Anthu amatha kulephera mayesowa pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza zaukadaulo. Ngati aletsa ma cookie a chipani chachitatu, kukhala ndi projekiti yakomweko, kapena osasintha msakatuli wawo kwakanthawi, atha kulephera, mosasamala kanthu kuti amayesa kangati. Nkhani Zotsimikizika Ndi CAPTCHA Chifukwa chazifukwa zomwe tazitchula pamwambapa, mitundu yambiri ya CAPTCHA imakhala yosafikirika. Izi ndizowona makamaka kwa anthu olumala, chifukwa mayeso oyankha zovutawa sanapangidwe poganizira zosowa zawo. Zina mwazovuta zomwe zimafala ndi izi: Nkhani Zokhudzana ndi Zowoneka ndi Kugwiritsa Ntchito Screen Reader Owerenga pazenera sangathe kuwerenga ma CAPTCHA, monga mayeso osokonekera, popeza mawu ophatikizika, opindika samawerengeka ndi makina. Magulu azithunzi ndi njira zotsetsereka nazonso ndizosafikirika. Mu kafukufuku wina wa WebAIM womwe unachitika kuyambira 2023 mpaka 2024, ogwiritsa ntchito skrini adavomereza kuti CAPTCHA ndiye chinthu chovuta kwambiri, ndikuchiyika pamwamba pa maulalo osadziwika bwino, kusintha kosayembekezereka kwa skrini, kusowa kwa mawu alt, kusaka kosafikirika, komanso kusowa kwa kiyibodi. Malo ake pamwamba sanasinthe kwambiri kwa zaka khumi, kusonyeza mbiri yake yosafikirika. Nkhani Zokhudzana ndi Kumvetsera ndi Kukonza Zomvera Ma CAPTCHA amawu ndi achilendo chifukwa njira zabwino zopangira intaneti zimalangiza motsutsana ndi kusewera paokha ndikugogomezera kufunikira kowongolera ogwiritsa ntchito. Komabe, ma CAPTCHA omvera akadalipo. Anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lakumva kapena ogontha akhoza kukumana ndi chotchinga poyesa mayeserowa. Ngakhale ndiukadaulo wothandizira, kupotoza kwamawu mwadala ndi phokoso lakumbuyo kumapangitsa kuti zitsanzozi zikhale zovuta kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la makutu kuti amvetsetse. Nkhani Zokhudzana ndi Magalimoto ndi Dexterity Mayeso omwe amafunikira luso la mota ndi luso laukadaulo amatha kukhala ovuta kwa omwe ali ndi vuto lagalimoto kapena olumala. Mwachitsanzo, munthu amene ali ndi kunjenjemera pamanja atha kupeza kuti ma puzzles otsetsereka ndi ovuta. Komanso, kuyesa kwamagulu azithunzi komwe kumadzaza zithunzi zambiri mpaka palibe zomwe zikugwirizana ndi zomwe zatsala zitha kukhala zovuta. Nkhani Zokhudzana ndi Kuzindikira ndi Chiyankhulo Pamene ma CAPTCHA akuchulukirachulukira, opanga ena akutembenukira kumayesero omwe amafunikira kuphatikiza kuganiza mozama komanso mozama. Zomwe zimafuna kuti ogwiritsa ntchito athetse vuto la masamu kapena kumaliza puzzles zitha kukhala zovuta kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la dyslexia, dyscalculia, vuto la kusawona bwino, kapena kusazindikira. Chifukwa Chimene Thandizo Lamakina Lothandizira Sizingatseke Kusiyana Ma CAPTCHA amapangidwa mwadala kuti anthu azimasulira ndi kuthetsa, kotero luso lothandizira monga zowerengera pakompyuta ndi zowongolera zopanda manja sizingathandize kwenikweni. ReCAPTCHA makamaka imakhala ndi vuto chifukwa imasanthula zochitika zakumbuyo. Ngati ikuwonetsa zida zofikira ngati bots, ikhala ndi CAPTCHA yomwe singatheke kufikako. Ngakhale ukadaulo uwu ukhoza kutsekereza kusiyana, opanga mawebusayiti sayenera kuyembekezera. Miyezo yamakampani imapangitsa kuti azitsatira mfundo zamapangidwe apadziko lonse lapansi kuti mawebusayiti awo akhale ofikirika komanso ogwira ntchito momwe angathere. Nkhani zopezeka za CAPTCHA zitha kukhululukidwa ngati chida chachitetezo chogwira ntchito, koma sizopanda pake popeza ma bots amapeza bwino kuposa momwe anthu amachitira. N’chifukwa chiyani mukupitirizabe kugwiritsa ntchito njira imene ili yosathandiza komanso yolepheretsa anthu olumala? Pali njira zina zabwinoko. Mfundo Zazidziwitso Zopezeka Lingaliro lakuti anthu ayenera kuchita zinthu mopitirira malire nthawi zonse ndi lachikale. Njira zabwino zotsimikizira zilipo, monga multifactor authentication (MFA). Msika wotsimikizika wazinthu ziwiri udzakhala wokwanira $26.7 biliyoni pofika 2027, kutsimikizira kutchuka kwake. Chida ichindiyothandiza kwambiri kuposa CAPTCHA chifukwa imalepheretsa mwayi wosaloledwa, ngakhale ndi zidziwitso zovomerezeka.
Onetsetsani kuti njira yanu ya MFA ikupezeka. M'malo mokhala ndi alendo omwe amalemba ma code ovuta, muyenera kutumiza zidziwitso zokankhira kapena ma SMS. Dalirani khodi yotsimikizira kuti mudzaze yokhayokha ndikuyika khodi. Kapenanso, mutha kuyambitsa "kumbukirani chipangizochi" kuti mudumphe kutsimikizika pazida zodalirika. Njira yotsimikizika yazinthu ziwiri ya Apple idapangidwa motere. Chipangizo chodalirika chimangowonetsa manambala asanu ndi limodzi otsimikizira, kuti asafufuze. Akalangizidwa, ogwiritsa ntchito a iPhone amatha kutengera malingaliro omwe akuwoneka pamwamba pa kiyibodi yawo yam'manja kuti akwaniritse zokha.
Kulowa m'modzi ndi njira ina. Gawoli ndi ntchito yotsimikizira ogwiritsa ntchito imalola anthu kulowa mawebusayiti angapo kapena mapulogalamu ndi seti imodzi yazidziwitso zolowera, kuchepetsa kufunika kotsimikiziranso mobwerezabwereza. Kugwiritsa ntchito kamodzi kokha "maulalo amatsenga" ndi njira yabwino yosinthira reCAPTCHA ndi ma PIN akanthawi. M'malo mokumbukira kachidindo kapena kuthetsa vuto, wogwiritsa ntchitoyo amangodina batani. Pewani kuyika masiku omalizira chifukwa, malinga ndi WCAG Success Criterion 2.2.3, ogwiritsa ntchito sayenera kuyang'anizana ndi malire a nthawi popeza omwe ali ndi zilema angafunike nthawi yochulukirapo kuti amalize ntchito zinazake. Kapenanso, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito Cloudflare Turnstile. Imatsimikizira popanda kuwonetsa CAPTCHA, ndipo anthu ambiri samasowa ngakhale kuyang'ana bokosi kapena kugunda batani. Pulogalamuyi imagwira ntchito popereka zovuta zazing'ono za JavaScript kuseri kwazithunzi kuti zisiyanitse zokha pakati pa bots ndi anthu. Cloudflare Turnstile ikhoza kuphatikizidwa patsamba lililonse, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale njira yabwino kwambiri yopangira ntchito zamagulu. Kuyesa Ndi Kuwunika Kwa Mapangidwe Ovomerezeka Opezeka Kuyesa ndikuwunika njira zanu zotsimikizirira zomwe mungapeze ndikofunikira. Mapangidwe ambiri amawoneka bwino pamapepala koma sagwira ntchito. Ngati n'kotheka, sonkhanitsani ndemanga kuchokera kwa ogwiritsa ntchito enieni. Beta yotseguka ikhoza kukhala njira yabwino yowonjezerera mawonekedwe. Kumbukirani, zokhuza kupezeka sizigwira ntchito kwa anthu olumala okha. Amaphatikizanso omwe ali ndi neurodivergent, omwe alibe mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito foni yam'manja, kapena omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wothandizira. Onetsetsani kuti mapangidwe anu amaganizira anthu awa.
Zowona, simungathe kupanga dongosolo labwino chifukwa aliyense ndi wapadera. Anthu ambiri amavutika kutsatira njira zambiri, kuthetsa ma equation, kukonza malangizo ovuta, kapena kukumbukira ma passcode. Ngakhale kuti mfundo zapaintaneti zapadziko lonse lapansi zimatha kusintha kusinthika, palibe yankho limodzi lomwe lingakwaniritse zosowa za aliyense. Mosasamala kanthu za njira yotsimikizira yomwe mumagwiritsa ntchito, muyenera kupatsa ogwiritsa ntchito njira zingapo zotsimikizira patsogolo. Amadziwa zomwe angathe kuchita bwino, choncho aloleni asankhe zomwe angagwiritse ntchito m'malo moyesera kupanga njira yothetsera vuto lililonse. Yambitsani Vuto Lopezeka Ndi Kusintha Kwa Mapangidwe Munthu wonjenjemera m'manja sangathe kumaliza chithunzithunzi chotsetsereka, pomwe wina yemwe ali ndi vuto lokonza ma audio angakhale ndi vuto ndi zitsanzo zopotoka. Komabe, simungangosintha ma CAPTCHA ndi njira zina chifukwa nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosafikirika. Ma QR code, mwachitsanzo, angakhale ovuta kusanthula kwa omwe ali ndi mphamvu zochepa zamagalimoto. Anthu omwe ali ndi vuto losawona akhoza kuvutika kuti apeze pazenera. Mofananamo, ma biometrics amatha kuyambitsa vuto kwa anthu omwe ali ndi zilema kumaso kapena kusuntha kochepa. Kuthana ndi vuto lopezeka kumafuna kuganiza mozama. Mutha kuyamba ndikupita kumaphunziro ofikira a Web Accessibility Initiative kuti omanga amvetsetse bwino mapangidwe a chilengedwe chonse. Ngakhale maphunzirowa amayang'ana kwambiri zomwe zili mkati kuposa kutsimikizira, mutha kuzigwiritsabe ntchito kuti zikuthandizeni. Zolemba za Gulu la W3C pa Kusafikika kwa CAPTCHA zimapereka malangizo oyenera. Kuyamba ndi kophweka monga kufufuza njira zabwino kwambiri. Kumvetsetsa zoyambira ndikofunikira chifukwa palibe njira yothanirana ndi mawebusayiti opezeka. Ngati mukufuna kukulitsa kupezeka, lingalirani zopeza mayankho kuchokera kwa anthu omwe amayendera tsamba lanu. Kuwerenga Mowonjezereka
"CAPTCHA: Malingaliro ndi Zovuta," Darko Brodić ndi Alessia Amelio "Kupanga Zolemba Zopezeka Pazithunzi: Njira Zabwino, Njira, Ndi Zida," Hannah Milan "Pofufuza CAPTCHA Yabwino Kwambiri," David Bushell "WCAG 3.0's Proposed Scoring Model: A Shiftmu Kuwunika Kufikira," Mikhail Prosmitskiy
