Ikizamini Cyuzuye Cyuzuye cya Turing cyo kubwira Mudasobwa n'Abantu Bitandukanye (CAPTCHA) cyashinze imizi mugushakisha interineti kuva mudasobwa bwite zagize imbaraga mumasoko ya elegitoroniki y'abaguzi. Mugihe hafi yigihe cyose abantu bagiye kumurongo, abategura urubuga bashakisha uburyo bwo guhagarika bots. Serivisi ya CAPTCHA itandukanya ibikorwa byabantu na bot kugirango bots hanze. Kubwamahirwe, uburyo bwabwo ntabwo buri munsi. Mugerageza kurinda abantu, abitezimbere batumye igice kinini cyurubuga rutagera kubantu bafite ubumuga.
Uburyo bwo kwemeza, nka CAPTCHA, mubisanzwe ukoreshe amashusho, ibisubizo, amajwi yerekana amajwi, cyangwa gukanda bishingiye kubizamini kugirango umenye niba uyikoresha ari umuntu. Mugihe ubwoko bwibibazo bwanditse neza, logique yabo ntabwo ari ubumenyi rusange. Abantu barashobora gukeka gusa icyo bisaba "kwerekana" ko ari abantu.
CAPTCHA Niki? CAPTCHA ni ikizamini gihinduka Turing ifata uburyo bwikizamini-gisubizo. Kurugero, niba itegeka abakoresha "guhitamo amashusho yose hamwe nintambwe," bagomba gutoranya ingazi mumihanda, mumihanda, no kunyura. Ubundi, barashobora gusabwa kwinjiza inyandiko babonye, ongeraho igiteranyo cyibice byo mumaso, cyangwa kuzuza urujijo. Ishusho-ishingiye kuri CAPTCHAs ishinzwe ibintu byababaje gusangira abakoresha interineti bafite - guhitamo niba wahitamo kare mugihe gito gusa sliver yikintu kivugwa kirimo.
Hatitawe kuburyo, mudasobwa cyangwa algorithm amaherezo igena niba uwakoze ikizamini ari umuntu cyangwa imashini. Iyi serivise yo kwemeza yabyaye offshoots nyinshi, harimo reCAPTCHA na hCAPTCHA. Ndetse byatumye hashyirwaho ibigo byose, nka GeeTest na Arkose Labs. Sisitemu yimikorere ya Google reCAPTCHA isaba abayikoresha gukanda agasanduku kanditseho "Ntabwo ndi robot" kugirango yemeze. Ikora isesengura ryimihindagurikire yinyuma kugirango itange amanota yingaruka. HCAPTCHA ni ishusho-itondekanya-ishingiye kubindi. Ubundi buryo bwo kwemeza burimo kwemeza ibintu byinshi (MFA), code ya QR, nimero yumuntu wigihe gito (PIN), na biometrics. Ntibakurikiza formulaire-yo gusubiza, ariko bakorera intego zisa. Iyi offshoots igamije kuba nziza kurenza umwimerere, ariko akenshi inanirwa kubahiriza ibipimo bigezweho. Fata hCaptcha, kurugero, ikoresha kuki kugirango ureke kurenga ikizamini-gisubizo rwose. Nigitekerezo cyiza mubitekerezo, ariko ntigikora mubikorwa. Ugomba kwakira kode yigihe kimwe ukoresheje imeri wohereje kuri numero runaka hejuru ya SMS. Abakoresha bavuga ko bakiriye ubutumwa bwamakosa adashira, babahatira kuzuza inyandiko isanzwe CAPTCHA. Ibi birahari gusa niba urubuga rwabishoboye mugihe cyiboneza. Niba idashyizweho, ugomba kurangiza ikibazo cyishusho itemera abasoma ecran. Ndetse iyo inzira yambere ikora, kwemeza gukurikiraho gushingira kumurongo wigice cya gatatu cyambukiranya imbuga, mushakisha nyinshi zifunga mu buryo bwikora. Na none, kode irangira nyuma yigihe gito, ugomba rero gusubiramo inzira yose niba bigutwaye igihe kinini kugirango wimuke ku ntambwe ikurikira. Kuki Amakipe Akoresha CAPTCHA Nuburyo Bwo Kwemeza? CAPTCHA irasanzwe kuko byoroshye gushiraho. Abashinzwe gukora porogaramu barashobora kuyigaragaza, kandi ikora ikizamini mu buryo bwikora. Ubu buryo, barashobora kwibanda kubintu byingenzi mugihe bagikumira spam, uburiganya, no guhohoterwa. Ibi bikoresho byitwa ko byorohereza abantu gukoresha interineti neza, ariko akenshi birinda abantu nyabo kwinjira. Ibi bizamini bivamo uburambe bwabakoresha muri rusange. Ubushakashatsi bumwe bwerekanye ko abakoresha bataye amasaha arenga miliyoni 819 kuri miliyari zisaga 512 za reCAPTCHA v2 guhera mu 2023. Nubwo byose, bots ziganje. Imashini yiga imashini irashobora gukemura inyandiko ishingiye kuri CAPTCHA mubice by'isegonda hamwe na 97% byukuri. Ubushakashatsi bwa 2024 kuri reCAPTCHA v2 ya Google - iracyakoreshwa henshi nubwo reCAPTCHA v3 yatangijwe - yasanze bots zishobora gukemura ibyiciro byamashusho CAPTCHA hamwe nukuri kugeza 100%, bitewe nikintu bashinzwe kumenya. Abashakashatsi bakoresheje icyitegererezo cyubuntu, gifungura-isoko, bivuze ko abakinnyi babi bashobora kwigana byoroshye akazi kabo. Kuki Abashinzwe Urubuga Bakwiye Kureka Gukoresha CAPTCHA? Uburyo bwo kwemeza nka CAPTCHA bufite ikibazo cyo kugerwaho. Imashini yiterambere ryimashini yatumye izi serivisi zikura cyane. Ndetse na n'ubu, ntabwo bafite amakosa. Bots kubonabirakwiye kuruta uko abantu babikora. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko bashobora kurangiza reCAPTCHA mumasegonda 17.5, bakagera kuri 85%. Abantu bafata igihe kirekire kandi ntibisobanutse neza. Abantu benshi batsinzwe ibizamini bya CAPTCHA kandi ntibazi icyo bakoze nabi. Kurugero, ikibazo gitegeka abakoresha "guhitamo kare zose zifite amatara yumuhanda" bisa nkibyoroshye bihagije, ariko biragoye niba sliver ya pole iri murundi rugero. Bakwiye guhitamo ako gasanduku, cyangwa nibyo nibyo algorithm yakora? Nubwo ubushobozi bwibimera bwakuze mubunini, abantu bakomeje kuba bamwe. Mugihe ibizamini bigenda bigorana, bumva badashaka kubigerageza. Ubushakashatsi bumwe bwerekana ko hafi 59% byabantu bazahagarika gukoresha ibicuruzwa nyuma yuburambe bubi. Niba kwemeza ari ibintu bitoroshye cyangwa bigoye, barashobora guhagarika gukoresha urubuga rwose. Abantu barashobora gutsindwa ibizamini kubwimpamvu zitandukanye, harimo nubuhanga. Niba bahagaritse kuki zindi-kuki, bafite proksi yaho ikora, cyangwa ntibigeze bavugurura mushakisha yabo mugihe gito, barashobora gukomeza kunanirwa, batitaye kubihe bagerageza. Ibibazo byo Kwemeza hamwe na CAPTCHA Bitewe nimpamvu zavuzwe haruguru, ubwoko bwinshi bwa CAPTCHA ntibusanzwe butagerwaho. Ibi ni ukuri cyane cyane kubantu bafite ubumuga, kuko ibi bizamini-byo gukemura ibibazo ntabwo byakozwe mubitekerezo byabo. Bimwe mubibazo bisanzwe birimo ibi bikurikira: Ibibazo bifitanye isano n'amashusho na Mugaragaza Umusomyi Koresha Abasomyi ba ecran ntibashobora gusoma CAPTCHA isanzwe igaragara, nkikigeragezo cyanditse kigoretse, kubera ko amagambo yavunitse, ahindagurika ntabwo asomeka imashini. Ishusho itondekanya hamwe nuburyo bwo kunyerera puzzle nuburyo bushoboka. Mu bushakashatsi bumwe bwakozwe na WebAIM bwakozwe kuva 2023 kugeza 2024, abakoresha abasoma ecran bemeje ko CAPTCHA aricyo kintu cyateye ibibazo cyane, ikayishyira hejuru yibihuza bidasobanutse, impinduka za ecran zitunguranye, kubura inyandiko ya alt, gushakisha bitagerwaho, no kubura clavier. Umwanya wacyo hejuru ntiwahindutse cyane mumyaka irenga icumi, byerekana amateka yacyo yo kutagerwaho. Ibibazo bijyanye no kumva no gutunganya amajwi Ijwi CAPTCHAs ntisanzwe kuko iterambere ryurubuga imikorere myiza itanga inama yo kurwanya amajwi ya autoplay kandi ishimangira akamaro ko kugenzura abakoresha. Ariko, amajwi CAPTCHAs aracyahari. Abantu bigoye kumva cyangwa kutumva barashobora guhura nimbogamizi mugihe bagerageza ibi bizamini. Ndetse hamwe na tekinoroji ifasha, kugoreka amajwi nkana hamwe n urusaku rwinyuma bituma izo ngero zitoroshye kubantu bafite ibibazo byo gutunganya amajwi kubyumva. Ibibazo bijyanye na moteri na Dexterity Ibizamini bisaba ubuhanga bwo gutwara ibinyabiziga no kwihuta birashobora kugora abafite ubumuga bwa moteri cyangwa ubumuga bwumubiri. Kurugero, umuntu ufite guhinda umushyitsi ashobora gusanga kunyerera bigoye. Na none, ibishushanyo mbonera byamashusho bipima amashusho menshi kugeza ntanumwe uhuye nibipimo bisigaye bishobora gutera ikibazo. Ibibazo bijyanye no kumenya no kururimi Mugihe CAPTCHA igenda irushaho kuba ingorabahizi, abitezimbere bamwe bahindukirira ibizamini bisaba guhuza ibitekerezo byo guhanga no kunegura. Ibisaba abakoresha gukemura ikibazo cyimibare cyangwa kuzuza puzzle birashobora kuba ingorabahizi kubantu bafite dyslexia, dyscalculia, ikibazo cyo gutunganya amashusho, cyangwa ubumuga bwo kutamenya. Kuberiki Ikoranabuhanga rifasha ritazatandukanya icyuho CAPTCHAs yabigenewe nkana kugirango abantu basobanure kandi bakemure, bityo tekinoroji ifasha nkabasomyi ba ecran hamwe nubugenzuzi butagira amaboko birashobora gufasha bike. ReCAPTCHA byumwihariko itera ikibazo kuko isesengura ibikorwa byinyuma. Niba ibendera ryibikoresho bigerwaho nka bots, bizakora CAPTCHA ishobora kutagerwaho. Nubwo iryo koranabuhanga rishobora guca icyuho, abategura urubuga ntibagomba kubyitega. Inganda zinganda zitegeka ko zigomba gukurikiza amahame agenga igishushanyo mbonera kugirango urubuga rwabo rugerweho kandi rukore ibishoboka. Ibibazo bya CAPTCHA byagerwaho birashobora kubabarirwa niba arigikoresho cyiza cyumutekano, ariko ntikiri kure cyane kuko bots ibona neza kuruta abantu. Kuki ukomeza gukoresha uburyo budakora kandi butera inzitizi kubantu bafite ubumuga? Hariho ubundi buryo bwiza. Amahame yo Kwemeza Byoroshye Igitekerezo cy'uko abantu bagomba guhora barusha algorithms igihe cyashize. Uburyo bwiza bwo kwemeza burahari, nkibikorwa byinshi (MFA). Isoko ryo kwemeza ibintu bibiri bizaba bifite agaciro ka miliyari 26.7 z'amadolari muri 2027, bishimangira ko bizwi. Iki gikoreshoni byiza kuruta CAPTCHA kuko irinda kwinjira bitemewe, kabone niyo byemewe byemewe.
Menya neza ko tekinike yawe ya MFA igerwaho. Aho kugira abashyitsi kurubuga bandika kode igoye, ugomba kohereza imenyesha cyangwa ubutumwa bugufi. Wishingikirize kuri code yo kugenzura autofill kugirango uhite ufata hanyuma winjire kode. Ubundi, urashobora kumenyekanisha "wibuke iki gikoresho" kugirango usibe kwemeza kubikoresho byizewe. Uburyo bwa Apple bwo kwemeza ibintu bibiri byateguwe muri ubu buryo. Igikoresho cyizewe gihita cyerekana imibare itandatu yo kugenzura, bityo ntibagomba kuyishakisha. Iyo ubajijwe, abakoresha iPhone barashobora gukanda igitekerezo kigaragara hejuru ya clavier yabo igendanwa kuri autofill.
Kwinjira wenyine ni ubundi buryo. Iri somo hamwe na serivise yo kwemeza yemerera abantu kwinjira kurubuga rwinshi cyangwa porogaramu hamwe numurongo umwe wibyangombwa byinjira, bikagabanya gukenera kugenzura indangamuntu. Igihe kimwe-koresha "amahuza yubumaji" nuburyo bwiza cyane bwo reCAPTCHA na PIN yigihe gito. Aho kwibuka kode cyangwa gukemura puzzle, uyikoresha akanda kuri buto. Irinde gushyiraho igihe ntarengwa kuko, ukurikije ibipimo ngenderwaho bya WCAG 2.2.3, abakoresha ntibagomba guhura nigihe ntarengwa kuko ababana nubumuga bashobora gukenera igihe kinini kugirango barangize ibikorwa byihariye. Ubundi, ushobora gukoresha Cloudflare Turnstile. Iremeza iterekanye CAPTCHA, kandi abantu benshi ntibagomba no kugenzura agasanduku cyangwa gukanda buto. Porogaramu ikora itanga ikibazo gito cya JavaScript inyuma yinyuma kugirango ihite itandukanya bots nabantu. Cloudflare Turnstile irashobora kwinjizwa kurubuga urwo arirwo rwose, bigatuma iba inzira nziza kubikorwa bisanzwe byo gutondeka. Kwipimisha no Gusuzuma Ibishushanyo mbonera byemewe Kugerageza no gusuzuma uburyo bwawe bworoshye bwo kwemeza ni ngombwa. Ibishushanyo byinshi bisa neza kurupapuro ariko ntibikora mubikorwa. Niba bishoboka, kusanya ibitekerezo kubakoresha nyabyo. Gufungura beta birashobora kuba inzira nziza yo kwerekana cyane. Wibuke, ibitekerezo rusange byagerwaho ntabwo bireba gusa ababana nubumuga. Harimo kandi abafite neurodivergent, badafite ibikoresho bigendanwa, cyangwa bakoresha tekinoroji ifasha. Menya neza ko ubundi buryo bwo gushushanya butekereza kubantu.
Mubyukuri, ntushobora gukora sisitemu itunganye kuva buriwese arihariye. Abantu benshi barwana no gukurikiza inzira nyinshi, gukemura ibingana, gutunganya amabwiriza akomeye, cyangwa kwibuka passcode. Mugihe amahame yo gushushanya kurubuga rusange arashobora kunoza guhinduka, nta gisubizo kimwe gishobora guhuza ibyo buri wese akeneye. Utitaye ku buhanga bwo kwemeza ukoresha, ugomba kwerekana abakoresha amahitamo menshi yo kwemeza imbere. Bazi ubushobozi bwabo neza, reka rero bahitemo icyo bakoresha aho kugerageza kurenza-injeniyeri igisubizo gikora kuri buri kibazo. Aderesi Ikibazo Kuboneka hamwe nigishushanyo mbonera Umuntu ufite ubwoba bwamaboko arashobora kudashobora kurangiza urujijo, mugihe umuntu ufite ikibazo cyo gutunganya amajwi ashobora kugira ikibazo cyamajwi yagoretse. Ariko, ntushobora gusimbuza CAPTCHAs nubundi buryo kuko akenshi ntibishoboka. QR code, kurugero, birashobora kugorana kubisikana kubafite kugabanya moteri nziza. Abantu bafite ubumuga bwo kutabona barashobora guhatanira kubisanga kuri ecran. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, ibinyabuzima bishobora gutera ikibazo abantu bafite ubumuga bwo mu maso cyangwa umuvuduko muke. Gukemura ikibazo kiboneka bisaba gutekereza guhanga. Urashobora gutangira gusura urubuga rwa interineti rworoshye rwo gutangiza inyigisho kubateza imbere kugirango basobanukirwe neza igishushanyo mbonera. Nubwo aya masomo yibanda cyane kubirimo kuruta kwemeza, urashobora kubikoresha kubwinyungu zawe. Umushinga W3C Umushinga Inyandiko Icyitonderwa cya CAPTCHA itanga ubuyobozi bufite akamaro. Gutangira biroroshye nkubushakashatsi bwibikorwa byiza. Gusobanukirwa ibyingenzi ni ngombwa kuko nta gisubizo rusange cyo gushushanya urubuga. Niba ushaka guhindura uburyo bworoshye, tekereza kubitekerezo byatanzwe nabantu basura urubuga rwawe. Ibindi Gusoma
“CAPTCHA: Ibitekerezo n'imbogamizi,” Darko Brodić na Alessia Amelio Hannah Milan ati: "Gutegura inyandiko iboneka hejuru y'amashusho: Imyitozo myiza, tekinike, n'umutungo" David Bushell ati: "Gushakisha CAPTCHA Nziza." "Icyitegererezo cya WCAG 3.0 cyerekana amanota: Impindukamu Isuzuma Ryagerwaho, "Mikhail Prosmitskiy
