Ukuhlolwa kwe-Completely Automated Public Turing to tell Computers and Humans Apart (CAPTCHA) sekungene shí ekuphequluleni i-inthanethi njengoba amakhompyutha omuntu ethole umfutho emakethe ye-electronics yabathengi. Cishe isikhathi eside abantu behamba ku-inthanethi, abathuthukisi bewebhu bafuna izindlela zokuvimba i-spam bots. Isevisi ye-CAPTCHA ihlukanisa phakathi komsebenzi womuntu kanye ne-bot ukuze kugcinwe ama-bots ngaphandle. Ngeshwa, izindlela zayo zingaphansi kokunemba. Ekuzameni ukuvikela abantu, abathuthukisi benze ingxenye enkulu yewebhu ingafinyeleleki kubantu abakhubazekile.
Izindlela zokuqinisekisa, ezifana ne-CAPTCHA, ngokuvamile zisebenzisa ukuhlukaniswa kwezithombe, izindida, amasampula omsindo, noma ukuhlola okusekelwe ngokuchofoza ukuze kutholwe ukuthi umsebenzisi ungumuntu yini. Yize izinhlobo zezinselelo zibhalwe kahle, ukucabanga kwazo akulona ulwazi lomphakathi. Abantu bangaqagela kuphela ukuthi yini edingekayo ukuze “bafakazele” ukuthi bangabantu.
Iyini i-CAPTCHA? I-CAPTCHA ukuhlolwa kwe-Turing okuhlanekezela okuthatha uhlobo lohlolo lokuphendula inselele. Isibonelo, uma iyala abasebenzisi ukuthi "bakhethe zonke izithombe ezinezitebhisi," kufanele bakhethe izitebhisi eziphuma kololiwe, emigwaqweni eshayelayo, nasezimpambanweni zomgwaqo. Okunye, bangacelwa ukuthi bafake umbhalo abawubonayo, bengeze isamba sobuso bedayisi, noma bagcwalise iphazili eslayidayo. Ama-CAPTCHA asuselwe ezithombeni anesibopho sokuhlangenwe nakho okwabiwe okukhungathekisa kakhulu abasebenzisi be-inthanethi ababa nakho - benquma ukuthi bangakhetha isikwele uma kukhona isilayidi esincane kuphela sento okukhulunywa ngayo.
Kungakhathalekile ukuthi iyiphi indlela, ikhompuyutha noma i-algorithm ekugcineni inquma ukuthi lowo ohlolayo ungumuntu noma umshini. Le sevisi yokuqinisekisa iveze amahlumela amaningi, okuhlanganisa i-reCAPTCHA ne-hCAPTCHA. Kuze kwaholela ekwakhiweni kwazo zonke izinkampani, njenge-GeeTest ne-Arkose Labs. Isistimu ye-Google automated reCAPTCHA idinga ukuthi abasebenzisi bachofoze ibhokisi lokuhlola elibhalwe ukuthi “Angilona irobhothi” ukuze kuqinisekiswe. Isebenzisa ukuhlaziya okuguquguqukayo ngemuva ukuze kunikezwe amaphuzu engcuphe. I-hCAPTCHA ingenye esekelwe ngokwezigaba zesithombe. Ezinye izindlela zokuqinisekisa zifaka ukuqinisekiswa kwezinto eziningi (i-MFA), amakhodi e-QR, izinombolo zomazisi womuntu wesikhashana (ama-PIN), nama-biometrics. Azilandeli ifomula yokuphendula inselele, kodwa zisebenzisa izinhloso ezifanayo. Lawa mahlumela ahloselwe ukuba ngcono kunokwangempela, kodwa ngokuvamile ayehluleka ukuhlangabezana nezindinganiso zesimanje zokufinyeleleka. Thatha i-hCaptcha, isibonelo, esebenzisa ikhukhi ukukuvumela ukuthi udlule uhlolo lokuphendula inselele ngokuphelele. Kungumqondo omuhle kumbono, kepha awusebenzi ekusebenzeni. Kufanele uthole ikhodi yesikhathi esisodwa nge-imeyili oyithumela enombolweni ethile nge-SMS. Abasebenzisi babika ukuthola imilayezo yephutha engapheli, okubaphoqa ukuthi baqedele umbhalo ojwayelekile we-CAPTCHA. Lokhu kutholakala kuphela uma isayithi likunikeze amandla ngokusobala ngesikhathi sokucushwa. Uma ingasethiwe, kufanele ugcwalise inselele yesithombe engaziboni izifundi zesikrini. Ngisho noma inqubo yokuqala isebenza, ukuqinisekiswa okulandelayo kuncike kukhukhi yenkampani yangaphandle, iziphequluli eziningi ezizivimbayo ngokuzenzakalelayo. Futhi, ikhodi iphelelwa yisikhathi ngemva kwesikhathi esifushane, ngakho kufanele wenze kabusha yonke inqubo uma kukuthatha isikhathi eside ukudlulela esinyathelweni esilandelayo. Kungani Amaqembu Esebenzisa I-CAPTCHA Kanye Nezindlela Zokufakazela Ubuqiniso Ezifanayo? I-CAPTCHA ivamile ngoba kulula ukuyimisa. Onjiniyela bangayihlela ukuthi ivele, futhi yenza ukuhlolwa ngokuzenzakalela. Ngale ndlela, bangagxila ezindabeni ezibaluleke kakhulu kuyilapho bevimbela ogaxekile, ukukhwabanisa, nokuhlukumeza. Lawa mathuluzi kufanele enze kube lula kubantu ukusebenzisa i-inthanethi ngokuphephile, kodwa ngokuvamile avimbela abantu bangempela ukuthi bangangeni. Lokhu kuhlola kubangela umuzwa womsebenzisi ompofu usuwonke. Olunye ucwaningo luthole ukuthi abasebenzisi bachithe amahora angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-819 kumaseshini e-reCAPTCHA v2 angaphezu kwebhiliyoni angu-512 kusukela ngo-2023. Naphezu kwakho konke lokho, ama-bots ayasebenza. Amamodeli okufunda ngomshini angaxazulula i-CAPTCHA esekelwe embhalweni phakathi kwezingxenye zesekhondi ngokunemba okungaphezu kuka-97%. Ucwaningo lwango-2024 ku-reCAPTCHA v2 ye-Google - esasetshenziswa kabanzi naphezu kokukhishwa kwe-reCAPTCHA v3 - lithole ukuthi ama-bot angaxazulula ukuhlukaniswa kwesithombe nge-CAPTCHA ngokunemba okungafika ku-100%, kuye ngento abajutshwe ukuyikhomba. Abacwaningi basebenzise imodeli yamahhala, yomthombo ovulekile, okusho ukuthi abalingisi ababi bangaphindaphinda umsebenzi wabo kalula. Kungani Kufanele Abathuthukisi Bewebhu Bayeke Ukusebenzisa I-CAPTCHA? Izindlela zokuqinisekisa ezifana ne-CAPTCHA zinenkinga yokufinyeleleka. Intuthuko yokufunda ngomshini iphoqe lezi zinsizakalo ukuthi zikhule zibe nzima kakhulu. Noma kunjalo, azikho iziwula. Amabhobhothi atholekulungile kunabantu. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi bangaqeda i-reCAPTCHA phakathi kwamasekhondi angu-17.5, bazuze ukunemba okungu-85%. Abantu bathatha isikhathi eside futhi abanembile kangako. Abantu abaningi bayehluleka ukuhlolwa kwe-CAPTCHA futhi abazi ukuthi benzeni okungalungile. Isibonelo, ukwaziswa okuyalela abasebenzisi ukuthi "bakhethe zonke izikwele ezinamarobhothi" kubonakala kulula ngokwanele, kodwa kuba yinkimbinkimbi uma isilayiva sepali sikwesinye isikwele. Ingabe kufanele bakhethe lelo bhokisi, noma yilokho okungenziwa yi-algorithm? Nakuba amandla e-bot ekhule ngobuningi, abantu basalokhu befana. Njengoba izivivinyo ziba nzima ngokuqhubekayo, bazizwa bengathambekele kangako ekuzameni. Inhlolovo eyodwa ibonisa ukuthi cishe u-59% wabantu bazoyeka ukusebenzisa umkhiqizo ngemva kokuzizwisa okubi okuningana. Uma ukufakazela ubuqiniso bunzima kakhulu noma kuyinkimbinkimbi, bangase bayeke ukusebenzisa iwebhusayithi ngokuphelele. Abantu bangakwazi ukufeyila lezi zivivinyo ngezizathu ezahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa nezobuchwepheshe. Uma bevimba amakhukhi ezinkampani zangaphandle, benommeleli wasendaweni osebenzayo, noma bengabuyekezanga isiphequluli sabo isikhathi eside, bangase baqhubeke behluleka, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bazama kangaki. Izinkinga Zokuqinisekisa Nge-CAPTCHA Ngenxa yezizathu ezishiwo ngenhla, izinhlobo eziningi ze-CAPTCHA azifinyeleleki ngokwemvelo. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi kubantu abakhubazekile, njengoba lezi zivivinyo zokuphendula inselele aziklanyelwe kucatshangwa ngezidingo zabo. Ezinye zezinkinga ezijwayelekile zihlanganisa lokhu okulandelayo: Izinkinga Ezihlobene Nokubonwa Nokusetshenziswa Kwesifundi Sesikrini Izifundi zesikrini azikwazi ukufunda ama-CAPTCHA ajwayelekile abonakalayo, afana nokuhlolwa kombhalo ohlanekezelwe, njengoba amagama axutshwe nahlukene, aguqukile awafundeki ngomshini. Ukuhlukaniswa kwesithombe nezindlela zendida eslayidayo azifinyeleleki ngokufanayo. Kolunye ucwaningo lwe-WebAIM olwenziwa kusukela ngo-2023 kuya ku-2024, abasebenzisi bokufunda isikrini bavumile ukuthi i-CAPTCHA yinto eyinkinga kakhulu, bayimise ngaphezu kwezixhumanisi ezingacacile, izinguquko zesikrini ezingalindelekile, umbhalo we-alt ongekho, ukusesha okungafinyeleleki, kanye nokuntuleka kokufinyeleleka kwekhibhodi. Indawo yayo phezulu ihlale ingashintshile iminyaka engaphezu kweshumi, okubonisa umlando wayo wokungafinyeleleki. Izinkinga Ezihlobene Nokuzwa Nokucutshungulwa Komsindo Ama-CAPTCHA omsindo awavamile uma kuqhathaniswa ngoba imikhuba emihle yokuthuthukisa iwebhu iluleka ngokumelene nomsindo wokudlala ngokuzenzekelayo futhi igcizelela ukubaluleka kokulawula komsebenzisi. Nokho, ama-CAPTCHA omsindo asekhona. Abantu abangezwa kahle noma abayizithulu bangase bahlangabezane nesithiyo lapho bezama lezi zivivinyo. Ngisho nangobuchwepheshe obusizayo, ukuhlanekezela komsindo okuhlosiwe nomsindo wangemuva kwenza lawa masampuli abe inselele kubantu abanezinkinga zokucubungula izindlebe ukuze baqonde. Izinkinga Ezihlobene Nezimoto Nokuma Ukuhlolwa okudinga amakhono emoto kanye nekhono kungaba inselele kulabo abanokukhubazeka kwezimoto noma abakhubazekile ngokomzimba. Isibonelo, umuntu onokuqhaqhazela kwesandla angathola amapuzzles okuslayida anzima. Futhi, ukuhlolwa kokuhlelwa kwezithombe okulayisha izithombe eziningi kuze kube yilapho zingekho ezilingana nemibandela esele kungase kubangele inselele. Izinkinga Ezihlobene Nengqondo Nolimi Njengoba ama-CAPTCHA eba inkimbinkimbi, abanye onjiniyela baphendukela ekuhlolweni okudinga inhlanganisela yokucabanga okuhlakaniphile nokuhlakaniphile. Lezo ezidinga abasebenzisi ukuxazulula inkinga yezibalo noma ukuqedela iphazili kungaba inselele kubantu abane-dyslexia, i-dyscalculia, izinkinga zokucubungula okubukwayo, noma ukukhubazeka kwengqondo. Kungani I-Assistive Technology Ingeke Ivale Igebe Ama-CAPTCHA adizayinelwe ngamabomu ukuze abantu bawatolike futhi baxazulule, ngakho-ke ubuchwepheshe obusizayo njengezifundi zesikrini nezilawuli ze-hands-free bungase bube nosizo oluncane. I-ReCAPTCHA ikakhulukazi idala inkinga ngoba ihlaziya umsebenzi wangemuva. Uma imaka amadivayisi okufinyeleleka njengama-bot, izosebenzisa i-CAPTCHA okungenzeka ukuthi ayifinyeleleki. Ngisho noma lobu buchwepheshe bungase buvale igebe, abathuthukisi bewebhu akufanele bakulindele. Izindinganiso zemboni zikhomba ukuthi kufanele balandele izimiso zokuklama kwendawo yonke ukuze benze amawebhusayithi abo afinyeleleke futhi asebenze ngangokunokwenzeka. Izinkinga zokufinyeleleka ze-CAPTCHA bezingase zixolelwe uma bekuyithuluzi lokuvikela elisebenzayo, kodwa akulula neze ngoba ama-bots ayenza kahle kunabantu. Kungani uqhubeka nokusebenzisa indlela engasebenzi futhi edala imigoqo kubantu abakhubazekile? Kukhona ezinye izindlela ezingcono. Izimiso Zokuqinisekisa Okufinyelelekayo Umbono wokuthi abantu kufanele baqhubeke besebenza ngaphezu kwama-algorithms uphelelwe yisikhathi. Izindlela zokuqinisekisa ezingcono zikhona, ezifana ne-multifactor authentication (MFA). Imakethe yokuqinisekisa izinto ezimbili izobiza imali elinganiselwa ku-$26.7 billion ngo-2027, okugcizelela ukuthandwa kwayo. Leli thuluziisebenza kakhulu kune-CAPTCHA ngoba ivimbela ukufinyelela okungagunyaziwe, ngisho nemininingwane esemthethweni.
Qinisekisa ukuthi indlela yakho ye-MFA iyafinyeleleka. Esikhundleni sokuthi izivakashi zewebhusayithi zibhale amakhodi ayinkimbinkimbi, kufanele uthumele izaziso zohlelo lokusebenza noma imilayezo ye-SMS. Thembela ekugcwaliseni okuzenzakalelayo kwekhodi yokuqinisekisa ukuze uthwebule futhi ufake ikhodi ngokuzenzakalelayo. Noma, ungakwazi ukwethula isici esithi "khumbula le divayisi" ukuze weqe ukufakazela ubuqiniso kumadivayisi athenjwayo. Indlela yokuqinisekisa yezinto ezimbili ye-Apple yakhelwe ngale ndlela. Idivayisi ethenjwayo ibonisa ngokuzenzakalelayo ikhodi yokuqinisekisa enezinhlamvu eziyisithupha, ngakho-ke akudingeki ukuthi bayicinge. Uma bayalwa, abasebenzisi be-iPhone bangathepha isiphakamiso esivela ngenhla kwekhibhodi yeselula ukuze sigcwalise ngokuzenzakalela.
Ukungena ngemvume okukodwa kungenye inketho. Le seshini kanye nesevisi yokuqinisekisa yomsebenzisi ivumela abantu ukuthi bangene kumawebhusayithi amaningi noma izinhlelo zokusebenza ngesethi eyodwa yemininingwane yokungena, okunciphisa isidingo sokuqinisekiswa okuphindaphindiwe kobunikazi. Ukusebenzisa kanye nje “izixhumanisi zomlingo” ziyindlela enhle kakhulu ye-reCAPTCHA kanye namaphinikhodi esikhashana. Kunokuba ukhumbule ikhodi noma ukuxazulula iphazili, umsebenzisi uchofoza inkinobho. Gwema ukubeka umnqamulajuqu ngoba, ngokombandela we-WCAG Wempumelelo 2.2.3, abasebenzisi akufanele babhekane nemikhawulo yesikhathi njengoba labo abakhubazekile bangase badinge isikhathi esengeziwe ukuze baqedele izenzo ezithile. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ungasebenzisa i-Cloudflare Turnstile. Iqinisekisa ngaphandle kokubonisa i-CAPTCHA, futhi abantu abaningi abalokothi baqoke ibhokisi noma bachofoze inkinobho. Isofthiwe isebenza ngokukhipha inselelo encane ye-JavaScript ngemuva kwezigcawu ukuze ihlukanise ngokuzenzakalelayo phakathi kwe-bots nabantu. I-Cloudflare Turnstile ingashumeka kunoma iyiphi iwebhusayithi, iyenze ibe enye indlela enhle kakhulu yemisebenzi yokuhlukanisa ejwayelekile. Ukuhlolwa Nokuhlolwa Kwemiklamo Yokufakazela Ubuqiniso Efinyelelekayo Ukuhlola nokuhlola ezinye izindlela zokuqinisekisa ezifinyelelekayo kubalulekile. Imiklamo eminingi ibukeka kahle ephepheni kodwa ayisebenzi ngokusebenza. Uma kungenzeka, qoqa impendulo kubasebenzisi bangempela. I-beta evulekile ingase ibe indlela esebenzayo yokwandisa ukubonakala. Khumbula, ukucatshangelwa kokufinyeleleka okuvamile akusebenzi kubantu abakhubazekile kuphela. Zihlanganisa nalabo abane-neurodivergent, abangenakho ukufinyelela kumakhalekhukhwini, noma abasebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokusiza. Qinisekisa ukuthi imiklamo yakho ehlukile icabangela laba bantu.
Eqinisweni, awukwazi ukudala isistimu ephelele ngoba wonke umuntu uhlukile. Abantu abaningi bayazabalaza ukulandela izinqubo zezinyathelo eziningi, ukuxazulula izibalo, ukucubungula imiyalelo eyinkimbinkimbi, noma ukukhumbula amaphasikhodi. Nakuba izimiso zokuklama iwebhu jikelele zingathuthukisa ukuguquguquka, asikho isisombululo esisodwa esingahlangabezana nezidingo zawo wonke umuntu. Kungakhathalekile ukuthi iyiphi indlela yokuqinisekisa oyisebenzisayo, kufanele wethule abasebenzisi izinketho eziningi zokufakazela ubuqiniso ngaphambili. Bawazi amakhono abo kangcono, ngakho-ke mabanqume ukuthi bazosebenzisa ini esikhundleni sokuzama ukwenza ubunjiniyela ngokweqile besixazululo esisebenza kuwo wonke amacala. Bhekana Nenkinga Yokufinyeleleka Ngezinguquko Zomklamo Umuntu onokuvevezela kwesandla angase angakwazi ukuqedela iphazili eslayidayo, kuyilapho othile onenkinga yokucubungula umsindo angase abe nenkinga ngamasampuli omsindo ahlanekezelwe. Kodwa-ke, awukwazi ukuvele umiselele i-CAPTCHA ngezinye izindlela ngoba ngokuvamile awafinyeleleki ngokulinganayo. Amakhodi e-QR, isibonelo, kungase kube nzima ukuskena kulabo abanokulawulwa kwemoto okuhle okuncishisiwe. Abantu abangaboni kahle bangase bathwale kanzima ukuyithola esikrinini. Ngokufanayo, i-biometrics ingaba yinkinga kubantu abanokukhubazeka kobuso noma ukunyakaza okulinganiselwe. Ukubhekana nenkinga yokufinyeleleka kudinga ukucabanga okunobuhlakani. Ungaqala ngokuvakashela okokufundisa kokufinyeleleka kwe-Web Accessibility Initiative konjiniyela ukuze baqonde kangcono ukuklama kwendawo yonke. Yize lezi zifundo zigxile kakhulu kokuqukethwe kunokuqinisekisa, usengazisebenzisa ukuze uzuze. Inothi Lokusalungiswa Leqembu le-W3C mayelana nokungafinyeleleki kwe-CAPTCHA inikeza isiqondiso esihlobene kakhulu. Ukuqalisa kulula njengokucwaninga imikhuba ehamba phambili. Ukuqonda izinto eziyisisekelo kubalulekile ngoba asikho isisombululo esitholakala emhlabeni wonke sokwakheka kwewebhu okufinyelelekayo. Uma ufuna ukuthuthukisa ukufinyeleleka, cabanga ukuthola impendulo evela kubantu abavakashela iwebhusayithi yakho. Ukufunda Okuqhubekayo
"I-CAPTCHA: Imibono nezinselele," u-Darko Brodić no-Alessia Amelio “Ukudizayina Umbhalo Ofinyeleleka Ngaphezulu Kwezithombe: Imikhuba Engcono Kakhulu, Amasu, Nezinsiza,” u-Hannah Milan "Ukufuna I-CAPTCHA Engcono Kakhulu," uDavid Bushell “Imodeli Yokulinganisa Ehlongozwayo ye-WCAG 3.0: A ShiftEkuhloleni Ukufinyeleleka,” uMikhail Prosmitskiy
