Iyo Completely Automated Public Turing bvunzo yekuudza Computers and Humans Apart (CAPTCHA) yadzika midzi mukubhurawuza kweinternet sezvo makomputa emunhu akawedzera simba mumusika wemagetsi wevatengi. Kwenguva inenge yakareba vanhu vave vachienda paIndaneti, vashanduri vewebhu vakatsvaga nzira dzekuvhara spam bots. Iyo CAPTCHA sevhisi inosiyanisa pakati pemunhu uye bot chiitiko kuchengetedza bots kunze. Zvinosuruvarisa, nzira dzayo hadzina kunyatsojeka. Mukuedza kuchengetedza vanhu, vanogadzira vakaita kuti yakawanda yewebhu isasvike kuvanhu vakaremara.
Nzira dzechokwadi, dzakaita seCAPTCHA, dzinowanzo shandisa kupatsanurwa kwemifananidzo, mapuzzle, masampureti ekuteerera, kana bvunzo dzakatariswa kuti uone kana mushandisi ari munhu. Nepo marudzi ematambudziko akanyorwa zvakanaka, kufunga kwavo hakusi ruzivo rweveruzhinji. Vanhu vanogona kungofungidzira kuti chii chinotora "kuratidza" kuti vanhu.
Chii chinonzi CAPTCHA? A CAPTCHA ndeye reverse Turing bvunzo iyo inotora fomu yekunetsa-mhinduro bvunzo. Semuenzaniso, kana ichiraira vashandisi kuti "sarudza mifananidzo yese ine masitepisi," ivo vanofanirwa kutora masitepisi kubva panjanji, driveways, uye crosswalks. Neimwe nzira, vanogona kukumbirwa kuisa zvinyorwa zvavanoona, kuwedzera huwandu hwezviso zvemadhaisi, kana kuzadzisa pikicha inotsvedza. Mifananidzo-yakavakirwa maCAPTCHAs ane basa rezvinonyanya kushungurudza zvakagovaniswa nevashandisi veinternet - vachifunga kuti vosarudza sikweya kana paine chidimbu chidiki chechinhu chiri mubvunzo chirimo.
Zvisinei nemaitiro, komputa kana algorithm inozopedzisira yaona kana muyedzo ari munhu kana muchina. Iyi sevhisi yechokwadi yakaburitsa matangi akawanda, kusanganisira reCAPTCHA uye hCAPTCHA. Izvo zvakatotungamira mukusikwa kwemakambani ese, akadai seGeeTest neArkose Labs. Iyo Google-ine yeautomated system reCAPTCHA inoda kuti vashandisi vadzvanye bhokisi rekutarisa rakanzi "Ini handisi robhoti" kuti ive yechokwadi. Inomhanyisa ongororo yekumashure kumashure kuti ipe chikamu chenjodzi. hCAPTCHA imhando-yemhando-yakavakirwa imwe nzira. Dzimwe nzira dzechokwadi dzinosanganisira multi-factor authentication (MFA), QR codes, temporary personal identification numbers (PINs), uye biometrics. Ivo havateveri bvunzo-yemhinduro fomula, asi vanoshandira zvinangwa zvakafanana. Aya mabukira anoitirwa kuti ave nani pane ekutanga, asi kazhinji anotadza kuzadzisa zvimiro zvemazuva ano zvekuwanikwa. Tora hCaptcha, semuenzaniso, iyo inoshandisa cookie kukurega iwe uchipfuura bvunzo-yemhinduro bvunzo zvachose. Ipfungwa huru mudzidziso, asi haishande mukuita. Iwe unofanirwa kugamuchira kodhi yenguva imwe chete kuburikidza neemail yaunotumira kune yakatarwa nhamba pamusoro peSMS. Vashandisi vanoshuma kugamuchira kusingaperi kukanganisa mameseji, vachivamanikidza kuti vapedze iyo yakajairwa mameseji CAPTCHA. Izvi zvinongowanikwa chete kana saiti yaigonesa zviri pachena panguva yekumisikidza. Kana isina kumiswa, iwe unofanirwa kupedzisa dambudziko remufananidzo risingazive maverengi escreen. Kunyangwe iyo yekutanga maitiro ichishanda, hunotevera huchokwadi hunoenderana newechitatu-bato muchinjiko-saiti cookie, iyo mabhurawuza mazhinji anovharira otomatiki. Zvakare, iyo kodhi inopera mushure menguva pfupi, saka iwe unofanirwa kudzoreredza maitiro ese kana zvichikutorera iwe nguva yakareba kuti uenderere kune inotevera nhanho. Sei Matimu Achishandisa CAPTCHA Uye Dzinofanana Nzira dzekusimbisa? CAPTCHA yakajairika nekuti iri nyore kuseta. Vagadziri vanogona kuronga kuti ionekwe, uye inoitisa bvunzo otomatiki. Nenzira iyi, vanogona kutarisa pazvinhu zvakanyanya kukosha vachiri kudzivirira spam, hutsotsi, uye kushungurudzwa. Zvishandiso izvi zvinofanirwa kuita kuti zvive nyore kuti vanhu vashandise internet zvakachengeteka, asi zvinowanzoita kuti vanhu chaivo vasapinde. Maedzo aya anokonzeresa kusashanda zvakanaka kwemushandisi zvachose. Imwe ongororo yakawana kuti vashandisi vakatambisa anopfuura 819 miriyoni maawa pane anopfuura 512 bhiriyoni reCAPTCHA v2 masesheni kubva muna 2023. Zvisinei zvese, bots inokunda. Michina yekudzidza modhi inogona kugadzirisa zvinyorwa-based CAPTCHA mukati mezvikamu zvesekondi nepamusoro pe97% chokwadi. Ongororo ya2024 paGoogle's reCAPTCHA v2 - iyo ichiri kushandiswa zvakanyanya kunyangwe kuburitswa kwereCAPTCHA v3 - yakawana bots inogona kugadzirisa mufananidzo weCAPTCHA nehuchokwadi hunosvika zana, zvichienderana nechinhu chavanopihwa kuti vaone. Vatsvaguri vakashandisa yemahara, yakavhurika-sosi modhi, izvo zvinoreva kuti vanoita zvakaipa vaigona kudzokorora basa ravo zviri nyore. Sei Vagadziri veWebhu Vachifanira Kumira Kushandisa CAPTCHA? Nzira dzechokwadi dzakaita seCAPTCHA dzine dambudziko rekusvikika. Kufambira mberi kwekudzidza kwemichina kwakamanikidza masevhisi aya kuti akure zvakanyanya kuoma. Kunyange zvakadaro, havasi benzi. Bots kuwanazvakarurama kupfuura zvinoita vanhu. Tsvagiridzo inoratidza kuti vanogona kupedzisa reCAPTCHA mukati memasekonzi 17.5, vachiwana 85% chokwadi. Vanhu vanotora nguva yakareba uye havana kunyatsorurama. Vanhu vazhinji vanofoira bvunzo dzeCAPTCHA uye havazive chavakanganisa. Semuenzaniso, kukurumidza kuraira vashandisi "kusarudza ese masikweya ane marobhoti" inoita seyakapusa zvakakwana, asi zvinozonetsa kana sliver yedanda iri mune imwe sikweya. Vanofanira kusarudza bhokisi iro here, kana kuti ndizvo zvaizoitwa nealgorithm? Kunyangwe kugona kwe bot kwakakura nehukuru, vanhu vakaramba vakafanana. Sezvo bvunzo dzichiwedzera kuoma zvishoma nezvishoma, vanonzwa kusada kuiedza. Imwe ongororo inoratidza ingangoita 59% yevanhu vanozomira kushandisa chigadzirwa mushure mezviitiko zvakawanda zvakaipa. Kana chokwadi chakanyanya kuomarara kana chakaomarara, vanogona kumira kushandisa webhusaiti zvachose. Vanhu vanogona kukundikana bvunzo idzi nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana, kusanganisira zvehunyanzvi. Kana ivo vakavharira wechitatu-bato makuki, vane yemuno proxy inoshanda, kana vasina kuvandudza browser yavo nechinguva, vanogona kuramba vachitadza, zvisinei nekuti vangaedza kangani. Matambudziko Echokwadi NeCAPTCHA Nekuda kwezvikonzero zvataurwa pamusoro apa, marudzi mazhinji eCAPTCHA haasvikiki. Izvi ndezvechokwadi kunyanya kune vanhu vakaremara, sezvo iyi miedzo yekupindura dambudziko haina kugadzirwa vachifunga zvavanoda. Zvimwe zvezvakajairika zvinosanganisira zvinotevera: Matambudziko ane chekuita nekuona uye Screen Reader Kushandisa Vaverengi veScreen havagone kuverenga maCAPTCHA akajairwa, akadai seyeyedzo yemavara akakanganiswa, sezvo mazwi akavhiringika, akamonyoroka haaverengeke nemuchina. Kurongeka kwemufananidzo uye nzira dzekutsvedza dzepuzzle zvakafanana hazviwanikwe. Mune imwe ongororo yeWebAIM yakaitwa kubva 2023 kusvika 2024, vashandisi vescreen reader vakabvuma kuti CAPTCHA ndicho chinhu chakanyanya kunetsa, vachichiisa pamusoro pemanongedzo asina kujeka, shanduko isingatarisirwe skrini, kushaya alt mavara, kusinga svikirike kutsvaga, uye kushaikwa kwekuwanikwa kwekhibhodi. Nzvimbo yayo kumusoro yakaramba isina kushanduka kweanopfuura makore gumi, zvichiratidza nhoroondo yayo yekusasvikika. Nyaya Dzinoenderana Nekunzwa uye Audio Processing Audio CAPTCHAs haina kujairika nekuti webhu kuvandudza maitiro akanakisa anorayira kupikisa autoplay odhiyo uye kusimbisa kukosha kwekudzora mushandisi. Nekudaro, maCAPTCHA ekuteerera achiripo. Vanhu vasinganzwi zvakanaka kana matsi vanogona kusangana nemhinganidzo pavanenge vachiedza bvunzo idzi. Kunyangwe iine tekinoroji yekubatsira, iyo yekuvavarira kukanganisa odhiyo uye ruzha rwekumashure kunoita kuti masampuli aya anetsa kune vanhu vane maodhiyo ekugadzirisa matambudziko kuti vanzwisise. Nyaya Dzinoenderana NeMota uye Dexterity Miedzo inoda mota uye dexterity hunyanzvi inogona kunetsa kune avo vane hurema hwemotokari kana hurema hwemuviri. Semuyenzaniso, mumwe munhu anodedera nemaoko anogona kuwana mapikicha anotsvedza akaoma. Zvakare, iwo maedzo emhando yemifananidzo anoremedza mamwe mapikicha kudzamara pasina anoenderana nemaitiro asara anogona kuunza dambudziko. Nyaya Dzinoenderana Nekuziva Uye Mutauro Sezvo maCAPTCHA achiwedzera kuoma, vamwe vanogadzira vari kutendeukira kubvunzo dzinoda musanganiswa wekugadzira uye kufunga kwakadzama. Izvo zvinoda kuti vashandisi vagadzirise dambudziko remasvomhu kana kupedzisa pikicha zvinogona kunetsa kune vanhu vane dyslexia, dyscalculia, yekuona kugadzirisa matambudziko, kana kutadza kuziva. Nei Kubatsira Tekinoroji Isingazovhare Iyo Gap MaCAPTCHA akagadzirirwa nemaune kuti vanhu vaturikire uye vagadzirise, saka tekinoroji yekubatsira senge zvidzitiro zvekuverenga uye zvidhiraivho zvisina maoko zvinogona kubatsira zvishoma. ReCAPTCHA kunyanya inokonzeresa nyaya nekuti inoongorora chiitiko chekumashure. Kana ikamisa midziyo yekusvikika se bots, ino shanda iyo inogona kusasvikika CAPTCHA. Kunyangwe kana tekinoroji iyi yaigona kuvhara gaka, vanogadzira webhu havafanire kuzvitarisira. Zviyero zveindasitiri zvinoraira kuti ivo vanofanirwa kutevedzera misimboti yedhizaini kuti mawebhusaiti avo asvike uye anoshanda sezvinobvira. Nyaya dzekuwanikwa kweCAPTCHA dzaigona kuregererwa dai chiri chishandiso chekuchengetedza chinoshanda, asi chiri kure nekupusa sezvo bots vachiiwana zvakanaka kupfuura zvinoita vanhu. Sei uchiramba uchishandisa nzira isingashandi uye inogadzira zvipingamupinyi kune vanhu vakaremara? Pane dzimwe nzira dziri nani. Misimboti Yekusvikirwa Kwechokwadi Pfungwa yekuti vanhu vanofanirwa kugara vachipfuura algorithms ndeyekare. Zvirinani nzira dzechokwadi dziripo, senge multifactor authentication (MFA). Musika wekusimbisa zvinhu zviviri unosvika 26.7 bhiriyoni panosvika 2027, zvichisimbisa mukurumbira wayo. Ichi chishandisoinoshanda zvakanyanya kupfuura CAPTCHA nekuti inodzivirira kupinda kusingatenderwe, kunyangwe uine magwaro epamutemo.
Ita shuwa kuti nzira yako yeMFA inowanikwa. Panzvimbo pekuita kuti vashanyi vewebhusaiti vanyore makodhi akaomarara, unofanirwa kutumira zviziviso kana mameseji eSMS. Vimba nekodhi yekusimbisa autofill kuti utore otomatiki uye uise iyo kodhi. Neimwe nzira, iwe unogona kuunza "rangarira mudziyo uyu" chimiro kuti usvetuke chokwadi pamidziyo inovimbwa. Apple's two-factor authentication approach yakagadzirwa nenzira iyi. Mudziyo waunovimba unoratidza otomatiki kodhi ine manhamba matanhatu, saka havafanirwe kuitsvaga. Pavanokurudzirwa, vashandisi ve iPhone vanogona kubaya zano rinoonekwa pamusoro penharembozha yavo yekuzadza otomatiki.
Kusaina mumwechete ndeimwe sarudzo. Ichi chikamu uye sevhisi yechokwadi yemushandisi inobvumira vanhu kupinda kune akawanda mawebhusaiti kana maapplication aine seti imwe chete yezvitupa zvekupinda, kuderedza kudiwa kwekudzokororwa chitupa chekuongorora. Kamwe-kushandisa "magic links" ndiyo yakanakisa imwe nzira yereCAPTCHA uye yenguva pfupi maPIN. Pane kurangarira kodhi kana kugadzirisa puzzle, mushandisi anobaya bhatani. Rega kuisa mazuva ekupedzisira nekuti, maererano neWCAG Success Criterion 2.2.3, vashandisi havafanirwe kutarisana nemiganhu yenguva sezvo avo vakaremara vangada nguva yakawanda kuti vapedze zviito chaizvo. Neimwe nzira, unogona kushandisa Cloudflare Turnstile. Inotendesa pasina kuratidza CAPTCHA, uye vanhu vazhinji havatombofaniri kutarisa bhokisi kana kurova bhatani. Iyo software inoshanda nekuburitsa diki JavaScript dambudziko kuseri kwezviitiko kuti zvisiyanise otomatiki pakati pe bots nevanhu. Cloudflare Turnstile inogona kuisirwa mune chero webhusaiti, ichiiita yakanakisa imwe nzira kune yakajairwa kupatsanura mabasa. Kuedzwa uye Kuongororwa Kwekusvikirwa Kwechokwadi Dhizaini Kuedza uye kuongorora nzira dzako dzinowanikwa dzechokwadi dzakakosha. Magadzirirwo mazhinji anotaridzika zvakanaka pamapepa asi haashande mukuita. Kana zvichibvira, unganidza mhinduro kubva kuvashandisi chaivo. Beta yakavhurika inogona kunge iri nzira inoshanda yekuwedzera kuoneka. Rangarira, zvinotariswa zvekuwanikwa hazvishande kune vanhu vakaremara chete. Vanosanganisirawo avo vari neurodivergent, vasina mukana wekushandisa nharembozha, kana kushandisa tekinoroji yekubatsira. Ita shuwa kuti mamwe magadzirirwo ako anofunga vanhu ava.
Chaizvoizvo, haugone kugadzira yakakwana system sezvo munhu wese akasiyana. Vanhu vazhinji vanonetsekana kutevera nzira dzakawanda, kugadzirisa equations, kuita mirairo yakaoma, kana kurangarira mapasscode. Nepo misimboti yepasirese yewebhu dhizaini inogona kuvandudza kuchinjika, hapana mhinduro imwechete inogona kusangana nemunhu wese zvinodiwa. Zvisinei nemaitiro echokwadi aunoshandisa, iwe unofanirwa kupa vashandisi nzira dzakawanda dzekusimbisa kumberi. Vanoziva kugona kwavo zvakanyanya, saka ngavasarudze zvekushandisa pane kuedza kuwedzeredza-injiniya mhinduro inoshanda kune yega yega kesi. Gadzirisa Dambudziko reKuwanikwa NeKuchinja Kwedhizaini Munhu anodedera nemaoko anogona kutadza kuzadzisa pikicha inotsvedza, nepo mumwe munhu ane redhiyo yekugadzirisa dambudziko angave nedambudziko neakamonyaniswa odhiyo samples. Nekudaro, haugone kungotsiva maCAPTCHA neimwe nzira nekuti kazhinji haiwanike zvakaenzana. QR macode, semuenzaniso, anogona kuve akaoma kuongorora kune avo vane yakaderedzwa yakanaka mota control. Vanhu vasingaoni vanogona kunetseka kuti vazviwane pahwindo. Saizvozvo, biometrics inogona kuunza dambudziko kune vanhu vane hurema hwechiso kana kushomeka kwekufamba. Kugadzirisa dambudziko rekuwanikwa kunoda kufunga kwekugadzira. Unogona kutanga nekushanyira iyo Web Accessibility Initiative's yekuwana zvidzidzo zvevagadziri kuti vanzwisise zviri nani dhizaini yepasirese. Kunyangwe aya matutorials anotarisa zvakanyanya pane zvirimo pane chokwadi, unogona kuzvishandisa kune mukana wako. Iyo W3C Boka Draft Cherechedzo pamusoro peKusasvikika kweCAPTCHA inopa humwe hutungamiri hwakakodzera. Kutanga kuri nyore sekutsvaga maitiro akanaka. Kunzwisisa izvo zvekutanga kwakakosha nekuti hapana mhinduro yepasirese yekuwana webhu dhizaini. Kana iwe uchida kukwirisa kuwanikwa, funga kutsvaga mhinduro kubva kune vanhu vanonyatso shanyira webhusaiti yako. Kuwedzera Kuverenga
"The CAPTCHA: Maonero uye Matambudziko," Darko Brodić naAlessia Amelio "Kugadzira Mavara Anowanikwa Pamusoro peMifananidzo: Maitiro Akanakisisa, Tekiniki, uye Zviwanikwa," Hannah Milan. "Mukutsvaga Iyo Yakanakisa CAPTCHA," David Bushell "WCAG 3.0's Yakarongedzerwa Scoring Model: A ShiftmuKuwanikwa Kwekuongorora," Mikhail Prosmitskiy
